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| + | {{OpenPagesTop}} |
| + | {{Taxobox |
| + | |name = Psychodidae |
| + | |kingdom = Animalia |
| + | |phylum = [[:Category:Arthropods|Arthropoda]] |
| + | |class = [[Insecta]] |
| + | |sub-class = |
| + | |order = Diptera |
| + | |super-family = |
| + | |family = Psychodidae |
| + | |sub-family = |
| + | |genus = |
| + | |species = |
| + | }} |
| + | Also known as: '''''Sandflies |
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| ==Introduction== | | ==Introduction== |
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| + | The flies of this family are called '''Sandflies''', with ''Phelebotomus'' the genus of real veterinary significance. However, in the New World, the genus ''Lutzomyia'', is also of importance. |
− | | Also known as:
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− | | '''Sandflies
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− | |-
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− | |}
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| + | ==''Phlebotomus''== |
| + | ===Hosts=== |
| + | Most mammals, reptiles, birds and humans. |
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− | *''Phlebotomus'' (Old World except UK) and ''Lutzomyia'' (New World) are both of major veterinary importance
| + | ===Identification=== |
| + | The adults are small flies, only around 5mm in length. They have hairy bodies, and are a yellowish colour. Males have prominent genital terminalia, known as claspers. Both males and females have long, 16 segment antennae. |
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− | *Common in the tropics
| + | The eggs are dark brown or black. |
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| + | ===Life Cycles=== |
| + | Eggs are laid, and hatch into larvae in 1-2 weeks. The larvae then undergo four further larval stages, before reaching the pupae stage. The adults emerge from pupation around 10 days later. |
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− | '''Recognition'''
| + | The complete life cycle is between 30-100 days. |
− | *1-3mm long
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− | *Resemble miniature mosquitoes
| + | ==''Lutzomyia''== |
| + | ''Lutzomyia'' is responsible for transmission of [[Leishmania|leishmaniasis]]. The sand fly carries the disease from infected animals, and then infects a new host whilst feeding, thus transmitting the disease. |
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− | *Hairs on wing margins and veins
| + | Only the females suck blood, and lays large numbers of eggs in dark, humid areas. They undergo three larval transformations before pupating, and then turn into adults. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |literature search = [http://www.cabdirect.org/search.html?rowId=1&options1=AND&q1=Psychodidae&occuring1=title&rowId=2&options2=OR&q2=Sandflies&occuring2=title&rowId=3&options3=AND&q3=&occuring3=freetext&publishedstart=2000&publishedend=yyyy&calendarInput=yyyy-mm-dd&la=any&it=any&show=all&x=75&y=15 ''Psychodidae'' publications] |
| + | }} |
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− | '''Life cycle'''
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− | *Eggs are laid on the ground or in cracks on floors
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− | *Life cycle takes '''1-2 weeks''' to complete
| + | {{review}} |
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| + | {{OpenPages}} |
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− | '''Pathogenesis'''
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− | *Males are [[Nuisance Flies|nuisance flies]]
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− | *Females suck blood
| + | [[Category:Biting_Flies]] |
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− | *Transmit [[Leishmania|''Leishmania spp.'']]
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− | **Responsible for cutaneous and visceral leishmaniosis in humans, using dogs as reservoir hosts
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− | | + | [[Category:Expert_Review]] |
− | '''Control'''
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− | *Spraying campaigns
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− | **Mosquito control also reduces sandfly numbers
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− | *Household control methods
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− | **Fine mesh screens, repellents and sprays
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− | [[Category:Biting_Flies]] | |
− | [[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
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