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Created page with '*Lyme disease **Caused by ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' **Reported in humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep {{unfinished}} **Ticks are the vector, which acquire the infection from sma…'
*Lyme disease
**Caused by ''Borrelia burgdorferi''
**Reported in humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep
{{unfinished}}
**Ticks are the vector, which acquire the infection from small rodents, the reservoir hosts
**Ticks transmit the infection to large mammals such as deer and sheep
**''Ixodes ricinus'' is the most common tick vector in Europe
**Pathogenesis
***Virulence of the borreliae requires a change in expression of an outer membrane protein following ingestion of blood by the tick
***Borreliae multiply in the blood stream of susceptible hosts and disseminate throughout the body
***Localisation in joints, brain, nerves, eyes and heart can occur
***The associated lesions may be in part caused by the host immune response
**CLinical signs
***May be subclinical in endemic areas
***Clinical manifestation depends on the site of localisation of organisms
***Disease in dogs may cause fever, lethargy, arthritis, cardiac, renal or neurological disturbance
***Horses suffer similar clinical signs but also lameness, uveitis, nephritis, hepatitis and encephalitis
***Cattle and sheep may suffer from lameness
**Diagnosis
***Laboratory confirmation difficult due to low numbers of organisms and fastidious growth requirements
***History of exposure to ticks in an endemic region and clinical signs
***Rising antibody titre to ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' detected by ELISA
***Immunofluorescence
***Culture in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium for 6 weeks under microaerophilic conditions
***PCR
**Treatment and control
***Amoxycillin and oxytetracycline in the acute phase; prolonged treatment in the chronic phase
***Tick control and removal
***Vaccines including whole cell bacterins and recombinant subunit vaccines available for dogs[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]
**Caused by ''Borrelia burgdorferi''
**Reported in humans, dogs, horses, cattle, sheep
{{unfinished}}
**Ticks are the vector, which acquire the infection from small rodents, the reservoir hosts
**Ticks transmit the infection to large mammals such as deer and sheep
**''Ixodes ricinus'' is the most common tick vector in Europe
**Pathogenesis
***Virulence of the borreliae requires a change in expression of an outer membrane protein following ingestion of blood by the tick
***Borreliae multiply in the blood stream of susceptible hosts and disseminate throughout the body
***Localisation in joints, brain, nerves, eyes and heart can occur
***The associated lesions may be in part caused by the host immune response
**CLinical signs
***May be subclinical in endemic areas
***Clinical manifestation depends on the site of localisation of organisms
***Disease in dogs may cause fever, lethargy, arthritis, cardiac, renal or neurological disturbance
***Horses suffer similar clinical signs but also lameness, uveitis, nephritis, hepatitis and encephalitis
***Cattle and sheep may suffer from lameness
**Diagnosis
***Laboratory confirmation difficult due to low numbers of organisms and fastidious growth requirements
***History of exposure to ticks in an endemic region and clinical signs
***Rising antibody titre to ''Borrelia burgdorferi'' detected by ELISA
***Immunofluorescence
***Culture in Barbour-Stoenner-Kelly medium for 6 weeks under microaerophilic conditions
***PCR
**Treatment and control
***Amoxycillin and oxytetracycline in the acute phase; prolonged treatment in the chronic phase
***Tick control and removal
***Vaccines including whole cell bacterins and recombinant subunit vaccines available for dogs[[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]]