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==Introduction==

==Description==

An exudate is a type of effusion that has a high cell count and protein content.  It is often associated with [[Inflammation - Pathology|inflammation]] in the body cavities because changes to the endothelium during this process allow protein-rich fluid to escape from the vasculature and because leucocytes migrate out to the site of disease.  As with any type of inflammation, the exudate may occur in response to a bacterial infection ('''septic''') or it may be sterile ('''non-septic''').  The presence of infection and purulent material in the chest cavity is termed '''pyothorax'''. Commons causes of exudates are:

An exudate is a type of effusion that has a high cell count and protein content.  It is often associated with [[Inflammation - Pathology|inflammation]] in the body cavities because changes to the endothelium during this process allow protein-rich fluid to escape from the vasculature and because leucocytes migrate out to the site of disease.  As with any type of inflammation, the exudate may occur in response to a bacterial infection ('''septic''') or it may be sterile ('''non-septic''').  The presence of infection and purulent material in the chest cavity is termed '''pyothorax'''. Commons causes of exudates are:

Septic exudates

Septic exudates

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| Nucleated cells  

| Nucleated cells  

| >3 x 10e9/L, mainly comprising non-degenerate or degenerate [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], [[Macrophages|macrophages]], [[Lymphocytes|lymphocytes]] or [[Eosinophils|eosinophils]] (with parasites)

| >3 x 10e9/L, mainly comprising non-degenerate or degenerate [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]], [[Macrophages|macrophages]], [[Lymphocytes - Introduction|lymphocytes]] or [[Eosinophils|eosinophils]] (with parasites)

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|}

With a septic exudate, the neutrophils are more likely to be present and intracellular (phagocytosed) bacteria may be visible.   

With a septic exudate, the neutrophils are more likely to be present and intracellular (phagocytosed) bacteria may be visible.   

In '''horses''', enterocentesis (or paracentesis) is often performed as part of a [[Colic Diagnosis - Abdominocentesis|colic work-up]].  The following findings are considered to be abnormal and may lend support to a decision to manage the case surgically:

In '''horses''', enterocentesis (or paracentesis) is often performed as part of a [[:Category:Colic Diagnosis in the Horse|colic work-up]].  The following findings are considered to be abnormal and may lend support to a decision to manage the case surgically:

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| Appearance

| Appearance

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Specific treatment is dependent on the cause of the effusion.  For further details, see the following sections:

Specific treatment is dependent on the cause of the effusion.  For further details, see the following sections:

[[Peritonitis]]

*[[Peritonitis]]

[[Surgical Management of Colic|Treatment of Colic]]

*[[Feline Infectious Peritonitis]]

*[[Feline Infectious Peritonitis]]

*[[Pericarditis]]

*[[Pericarditis]]

*[[Pancreatitis - Dog and Cat|Pancreatitis]]

*[[Pancreatitis|Pancreatitis]]

*[[Rupture of the Oesophagus]]   

*[[Rupture of the Oesophagus]]   

[[Category:Effusions]]

[[Category:Effusions]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_James]]

[[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Review]]