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| − | === '''''FILAROIDES (= Oslerus) OSLERI''''' === | + | {| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" |
| − | *''F. osleri'' is atypical of the Metastrongyloidea in almost every way.
| + | | Also known as: |
| − | *Adults (approximately 1cm) are found in dogs clustered in fibrous nodules (few mm - 2cm) on tracheal wall (near bifurcation of trachea).
| + | | '''Dog lungworm |
| − | *This means that small numbers of L1 are found in the sputum, and can either be passed to the skin during grooming, or can be passed in the faeces (dead-end for life-cycle).
| + | <br> |
| − | *Transmission from bitch to pups occurs during grooming via transfer of sputum.
| + | '''Filaroides osleri |
| − | *Horizontal transmission rarely, if ever, happens.
| + | |- |
| − | *Infection is usually asymptomatic, but if symptoms are present, there is a chronic, dry, debilitating cough - performance of greyhounds may be affected.
| + | |} |
| | | | |
| − | === ''Filaroides'' Infections === | + | ===Scientific Classification=== |
| − | *''F. osleri'' is usually associated with particular boarding kennels.
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| − | *Diagnosis and treatment are difficult.
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| − | *The Baermann apparatus is used to recover L1 from faeces.
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| − | *Larvae are, however, few in number and have sluggish movements.
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| − | *They may, therefore, be very difficult to demonstrate in faeces or sputum.
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| − | *Endoscopy (to visualise the tracheal nodules) is often required to confirm diagnosis.
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| | | | |
| − | Fenbendazole is licensed for the treatment.
| + | {| cellpadding="10" cellspacing="0" border="1" |
| | + | | Class |
| | + | | Nematoda |
| | + | |- |
| | + | | Superfamily |
| | + | | Metastrongyloidea |
| | + | |} |
| | | | |
| | + | ==Hosts== |
| | + | Dog. |
| | | | |
| − | * = ''Oslerus osleri''
| + | ==Identification== |
| − | *Colonise the [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of tracheitis|trachea of dogs]]
| + | The adults are pale, thin worms. The female is larger than the male, at around 9-15mm in length. |
| − | *Larva and adults accumulate in submucosal nodules of up to 1cm diameter at the tracheal bifurcation.
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| − | *Minimal inflammatory host reaction to the nematodes when they are alive - the size of the nodule is related to the number and size of the nematodes within it.
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| − | *When the parasites die, an intense foreign body reaction develops
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| − | *Tracheal nodules can cause coughing, usually in young dogs <18 months old.
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| − | *Severe infestation can cause significant occlusion of the airway.
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| − | *Uncommon, but sometimes seen in coughing greyhounds
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| | | | |
| | + | ==Life Cycle== |
| | + | This is a direct life cycle, so forms the exception in the superfamily ''Metastrongyloidea''. The females are ovo-viviparous. The eggs are laid, and hatch within the trachea. They then transform into the larvae, which are coughed up and swallowed. They then enter the intestine, and are past out in the faeces. |
| | | | |
| | + | The bitch may transfer the larvae to the pup during grooming, or infection may come about via digestion of the larvae. The larvae mature and travel to the lungs. |
| | + | |
| | + | The prepatent period is 10-18 weeks. |
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| | [[Category:Metastrongyloidea]][[Category:Dog_Nematodes]] | | [[Category:Metastrongyloidea]][[Category:Dog_Nematodes]] |
| | [[Category:To_Do_-_Max]] | | [[Category:To_Do_-_Max]] |
| | [[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]] | | [[Category:Respiratory Parasitic Infections]] |