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==Life Cycle==
 
==Life Cycle==
 
The female leaves mature larvae in dry soil.  The larvae then pupate, and undergo further maturation and development.  When they become adults they then attach to a host, and begin to blood-feed.  Forest flies remain on their hosts for long periods of time.
 
The female leaves mature larvae in dry soil.  The larvae then pupate, and undergo further maturation and development.  When they become adults they then attach to a host, and begin to blood-feed.  Forest flies remain on their hosts for long periods of time.
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'''Pathogenesis'''
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*Irritation and annoyance from bites
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*Mechanical vectors of non-pathogenic ''Trypanosoma theileri'' in cattle
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'''Control'''
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*Topical [[Ectoparasiticides|insecticide]] application
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**Repellents with residual action
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[[Category:Hippoboscidae]]
 
[[Category:Hippoboscidae]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
 
[[Category:To_Do_-_Max]]
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