Changes

It is possible to measure the '''gastric pH''' using a pH meter placed into the stomach.  The pH in affected animals will be persistently lower than that of normal animals.

It is possible to measure the '''gastric pH''' using a pH meter placed into the stomach.  The pH in affected animals will be persistently lower than that of normal animals.

In humans, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is diagnosed by directly measuring serum gastrin concentration before or after injecting secretin or calcium, which both stimulate secretion.  These tests have all been performed in animals but, given the very low prevalence of the disease, they are not widely available.  Serum gastrin concentration may be elevated in many other disease conditions and a single basal measurement is sufficiently specific to make a diagnosis of gastrinoma in dogs<ref>Gabbert NH, Nachreiner RF, Holmes-Wood P, Kivela JH. '''Serum immunoreactive gastrin concentrations in the dog: basal and postprandial values measured by radioimmunoassay''' ''Am J Vet Res. 1984 Nov;45(11):2351-3.''</ref><ref>Happé RP, van der Gaag I, Lamers CB, van Toorenburg J, Rehfeld JF, Larsson LI. '''Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in three dogs.''' ''Vet Pathol. 1980 Mar;17(2):177-86.''</ref>.

In humans, Zollinger-Ellison syndrome is diagnosed by directly measuring serum gastrin concentration before or after injecting secretin or calcium, which both stimulate secretion.  These tests have all been performed in animals but, given the very low prevalence of the disease, they are not widely available.  Serum gastrin concentration may be elevated in many other disease conditions and a single basal measurement is not sufficiently specific to make a diagnosis of gastrinoma in dogs<ref>Gabbert NH, Nachreiner RF, Holmes-Wood P, Kivela JH. '''Serum immunoreactive gastrin concentrations in the dog: basal and postprandial values measured by radioimmunoassay''' ''Am J Vet Res. 1984 Nov;45(11):2351-3.''</ref><ref>Happé RP, van der Gaag I, Lamers CB, van Toorenburg J, Rehfeld JF, Larsson LI. '''Zollinger-Ellison syndrome in three dogs.''' ''Vet Pathol. 1980 Mar;17(2):177-86.''</ref>.

===Pathology===

===Pathology===