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Dermatophilosis (view source)

Revision as of 13:56, 28 July 2010

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| Also known as:
 
| Also known as:
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| '''Cutaneous streptothrichosis'''<br> '''Lumpy wool'''<br>'''Strawberry foot rot'''<br>'''Rain Scald'''
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| '''Cutaneous streptothrichosis'''<br> '''Lumpy wool''' - sheep<br>'''Strawberry foot rot'' - sheep'<br>'''Rain Scald''' - horses
 
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|-  
 
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Can be seen in animals of all ages but most commonly occurs in young animals who are chronically exposed to moisture.
 
Can be seen in animals of all ages but most commonly occurs in young animals who are chronically exposed to moisture.
 
Affects horses, sheep, cattle, goats, pigs and rarely dogs and cats.
 
Affects horses, sheep, cattle, goats, pigs and rarely dogs and cats.
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==Diagnosis==
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Can often make a diagnosis on history and physical exam. Impression smears can also be useful when stained with either gram stain or Giemsa and examined microscopically.
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Additionally it is possible to culture material from the crusts however this can be difficult due to the slow growing nature of the pathogen.
      
==History and Clinical signs==
 
==History and Clinical signs==
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Lesions commonly occur followng heavy rainfall and commonly affects the dorsum of animals. Any previous trauma or damage to the skin can predispose to infection. Blood-sucking insects are also thought to be involved in transmission.
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Lesions commonly occur following heavy rainfall and commonly affects the dorsum of animals. Any previous trauma or damage to the skin can predispose to infection. Blood-sucking insects are also thought to be involved in transmission.
    
===Equine dermatophilosis===
 
===Equine dermatophilosis===
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Three clinical syndromes have been documented:
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*rain scald
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*Mud fever
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[[Dermatophilosis - Horse]]
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*Grease heel.
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Typically  hair becomes matted and focal lesions develop into crusts and thick scabs covered by layers of yellow-green pus. When scabs are removed the hair is taken with them and alopecia results. Rain scald commonly affects the dorsum, shoulders and neck. It can however extend to lower portions of the body and abdomen. It typically begins as small rough raised bumps and can go un-noticed in long haired regions. Mud fever looks similar to rain scald but affects the pastern and distal limbs. White legs and white skinned areas are most commonly affected. Grease heel is a disease complex which presens in the same way as rain scald and mud fever but over the heels. It produces a grey exudate which feels greasy to touch. The disease complex can involve dematophilosis as well as a number of other conditions including [[Dermatophytosis| dermatophytosis]], pastern folliculitis, [[Bacterial skin infections - Pathology#superficial pyoderma|pyoderma]], [[Photosensitisation|photosensitisation]], contact dermatitis and [[Chorioptic Mange|chorioptic mange]].
            
===Ovine dermatophilosis===
 
===Ovine dermatophilosis===
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Also see <big>'''[[Dermatophilosis|General Dermatophilosis]]'''</big>
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Three clinical syndromes have been documented:
 
Three clinical syndromes have been documented:
 
*Lumpy wool
 
*Lumpy wool
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===Bovine dermatophilosis===
 
===Bovine dermatophilosis===
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Also see <big>'''[[Dermatophilosis|General Dermatophilosis]]'''</big>
 
[[Image: Dermatophilosis in cow.jpg|250px|thumb|right|<small><center>Dermatophilosis in a cow (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
 
[[Image: Dermatophilosis in cow.jpg|250px|thumb|right|<small><center>Dermatophilosis in a cow (Courtesy of Bristol BioMed Image Archive)</center></small>]]
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Lesions may resolve within weeks if dry weather or prolonged wetting of infected areas can lead to secondary bacterial infection which can result in limb [[Oedema - Pathology|oedema]] and cellulitis.
 
Lesions may resolve within weeks if dry weather or prolonged wetting of infected areas can lead to secondary bacterial infection which can result in limb [[Oedema - Pathology|oedema]] and cellulitis.
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==Diagnosis==
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Can often make a diagnosis on history and physical exam. Impression smears can also be useful when stained with either gram stain or Giemsa and examined microscopically.
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Additionally it is possible to culture material from the crusts however this can be difficult due to the slow growing nature of the pathogen.
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==Treatment==
 
==Treatment==
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Horses:
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Bring affected animals into a dry environment and isolate. Scabs should be soaked and removed. Chlorhexidine and benzoyl peroxide are recommended as topical antibacterials.
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Tack and any other equipment should be disinfected to avoid further infection. Systemic [[Antibiotics| antibiotics]] should be administered if secondary infection is present. Owners should be educated about the condition and warned that reoccurence may occur in wet weather. 
      
Farm animals:
 
Farm animals:
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