Changes

==Description==

==Description==

Varroosis is the clinical syndrome caused by the infestation of colonies of honey bees (''Apis mellifera'') by the mite ''[[Varroa destructor]]'', formerly ''Varroa jacobsoni'' Oud.  Varroosis is a complex syndrome that may result in so-called '''Colony Collapse Syndrome''', failure to survive hibernation or complete absconcion from the hive.  ''V. destructor'' was traditionally a parasite of the Asian honey bee (''Apis cerana'') which is much more resistant to infestations but it began to infest European bees around fifty years ago and it has spread to all parts of the World except for Australia<ref>Stevenson MA, Benard H, Bolger P, Morris RS. '''Spatial epidemiology of the Asian honey bee mite (Varroa destructor) in the North Island of New Zealand.''' ''Prev Vet Med. 2005 Oct 12;71(3-4):241-52. Epub 2005 Sep 6.''</ref>.  So far, only two mitochondrial haplotypes of ''V. destructor'' (korea and Japan) have been found to have made the transition from ''A. cerana'' to ''A. mellifera''<ref>Solignac M, Cornuet JM, Vautrin D, Le Conte Y, Anderson D, Evans J, Cros-Arteil S, Navajas M. '''The invasive Korea and Japan types of Varroa destructor, ectoparasitic mites of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera), are two partly isolated clones.''' ''Proc Biol Sci. 2005 Feb 22;272(1561):411-9.''</ref>.  The mite is able to infect colonies of Africanised ('killer') honey bees but these do not appear to show colony collapse syndrome<ref>Medina LM, Martin SJ, Espinosa-Montaño L, Ratnieks FL. '''Reproduction of Varroa destructor in worker brood of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera).''' ''Exp Appl Acarol. 2002;27(1-2):79-88''</ref>.

Varroosis is the clinical syndrome caused by the infestation of colonies of honey bees (''Apis mellifera'') by the mite ''[[Varroa destructor]]'', formerly ''Varroa jacobsoni'' Oud.  Varroosis is a complex syndrome that may result in so-called '''Colony Collapse Syndrome''', failure to survive hibernation or complete absconcion from the hive.  ''V. destructor'' was traditionally a parasite of the Asian honey bee (''Apis cerana'') which is much more resistant to infestations but it began to infest European bees around fifty years ago and it has spread to all parts of the World except for Australia<ref>Stevenson MA, Benard H, Bolger P, Morris RS. '''Spatial epidemiology of the Asian honey bee mite (Varroa destructor) in the North Island of New Zealand.''' ''Prev Vet Med. 2005 Oct 12;71(3-4):241-52. Epub 2005 Sep 6.''</ref>.  So far, only two mitochondrial haplotypes of ''V. destructor'' (Korea and Japan) have been found to have made the transition from ''A. cerana'' to ''A. mellifera''<ref>Solignac M, Cornuet JM, Vautrin D, Le Conte Y, Anderson D, Evans J, Cros-Arteil S, Navajas M. '''The invasive Korea and Japan types of Varroa destructor, ectoparasitic mites of the Western honeybee (Apis mellifera), are two partly isolated clones.''' ''Proc Biol Sci. 2005 Feb 22;272(1561):411-9.''</ref>.  The mite is able to infect colonies of Africanised ('killer') honey bees but these do not appear to show colony collapse syndrome<ref>Medina LM, Martin SJ, Espinosa-Montaño L, Ratnieks FL. '''Reproduction of Varroa destructor in worker brood of Africanized honey bees (Apis mellifera).''' ''Exp Appl Acarol. 2002;27(1-2):79-88''</ref>.

===Pathophysiology===

===Pathophysiology===