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− | [[Image:Tuberculosis M bovis.jpg|right|thumb|100px|<small><center>Tuberculosis caused by ''M. bovis'' (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] | + | [[Image:Tuberculosis M bovis.jpg|right|thumb|250px|<small><center>Tuberculosis caused by ''M. bovis'' (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] |
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| ==Description== | | ==Description== |
− | Tuberculosis in cattle is caused by ''[[Mycobacterium bovis]]''. It is a chronic disease characterised by nodular lesions in any organ, although the respiratory system is most commonly affected. The nodules often become nectroic with a caseous centre. | + | '''Tuberculosis''' in cattle is caused by ''[[Mycobacterium bovis]]''. It is a chronic disease characterised by nodular lesions in any organ, although the respiratory system is most commonly affected. The nodules often become nectroic with a caseous centre. rupture of the nodules releases ... |
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| The disease usually affects heifers or young stock but cases can occur in cattle of any age. TB is more common in dairy herds. | | The disease usually affects heifers or young stock but cases can occur in cattle of any age. TB is more common in dairy herds. |
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− | Incidence of the disease has increased over the past 15 years; it is prevelent in Wales and the south west of England but is re-emerging in other parts of the UK such as the west Midlands and north-west England. | + | Incidence of the disease has increased over the past 15 years; it is prevelent in '''Wales''' and the south west of England but is re-emerging in other parts of the UK such as the west Midlands and north-west England. |
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| Most warm blooded animals are susceptible to bovine TB and can act as a resevoir for infection. The disease in cattle has been associated with wildlife species in a number of countries; the European badger and red deer in the UK, opossums and ferrets in New zealand, mule deer, white-tailed deer, elk, and bison in North America and water buffalo in Australia. | | Most warm blooded animals are susceptible to bovine TB and can act as a resevoir for infection. The disease in cattle has been associated with wildlife species in a number of countries; the European badger and red deer in the UK, opossums and ferrets in New zealand, mule deer, white-tailed deer, elk, and bison in North America and water buffalo in Australia. |
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| ===Laboratory Tests=== | | ===Laboratory Tests=== |
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− | ===Radiography===
| + | An ELISA test has been developed but is not widely used. The gamma interferon test can also be used for diagnosis of the condtion. |
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| ===Pathology=== | | ===Pathology=== |
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
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| Treatment is not usually an option due to the chronic nature of the disease, zoonotic potential and test and slaughter policy. | | Treatment is not usually an option due to the chronic nature of the disease, zoonotic potential and test and slaughter policy. |
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| ==References== | | ==References== |
| + | *Andrews, A.H, Blowey, R.W, Boyd, H and Eddy, R.G. (2004) '''Bovine Medicine''' (Second edition), ''Blackwell Publishing'' |
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| ::- if bacterium destroyed, further infection/disease is prevented | | ::- if bacterium destroyed, further infection/disease is prevented |
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− | ====Sequelae====
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− | *chronicity
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| =====Tuberculosis pleurisy===== | | =====Tuberculosis pleurisy===== |
− | *caseous lymph node ruptures
| + | caseous lymph node ruptures results from extensive tissue necrosis |
− | *results from extensive tissue necrosis
| + | if located in lung alveoli, the follicle may rupture into a bronchus, causing spread of the disease to all the other lobules served by that bronchus |
− | :- if located in lung alveoli, the follicle may rupture into a bronchus, causing spread of the disease to all the other lobules served by that bronchus
| + | the necrosis may erode the wall of a large pulmonary vessel resulting in fatal haemoptysis. |
− | :- if the ensuing necrosis erodes the wall of a large pulmonary vessel, this ruptures into the lung and a fatal haemoptysis might follow
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