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| ===Pathology=== | | ===Pathology=== |
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| + | Findings at post mortem depend on the route of entry of the organism, whether it became generalised or not and the stage of the disease. |
| + | One or more lymph nodes will display the chacteristic granulomatous tubercules. In the respiratory form the mediastinal and bronchial lymph nodes are affected, with lesions in the lungs. |
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| + | If the mycobacteria disseminated from the primary complex then lymph nodes in other regions will also be affected and there will be multiple small foci of infection on other organs. |
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| ==Treatment== | | ==Treatment== |
| Treatment is not usually an option due to the chronic nature of the disease, zoonotic potential and test and slaughter policy. | | Treatment is not usually an option due to the chronic nature of the disease, zoonotic potential and test and slaughter policy. |
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− | *Reside primarily within macrophages where they multiply and result in characteristic [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Granulomatous pneumonia|granulomatous inflammation]] (macrophages and giant cells, epithelioid cells)
| + | The mycobacterium reside within macrophages in the lungs where they multiply and result in characteristic [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Granulomatous pneumonia|granulomatous inflammation]] The regional lymph nodes and also affected |
− | *Cattle can be infected by inhalation of the organism or through milk
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− | *'''The primary complex'''
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− | **Describes the initial focus of infection at the portal of entry (lungs) plus involvement of regional lymph nodes
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| **90% of cases exhibit the pulmonary form | | **90% of cases exhibit the pulmonary form |
| **Grossly: | | **Grossly: |
− | ***Small tubercles in dorsocaudal subpleural areas which progress to larger confluent areas of caseous necrosis
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− | ***Usually start at bronchio-alveolar junction an progress to the alveoli
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− | ***Caseous lesions, may calcify or be encapsulated
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− | ***Multiple foci may coalesce
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| ***Ulcers in [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology|trachea]] and [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]] due to coughed up bacteria | | ***Ulcers in [[Trachea Inflammatory - Pathology|trachea]] and [[Bronchi and Bronchioles Inflammatory - Pathology#Infectious causes of bronchitis or bronchiolitis|bronchi]] due to coughed up bacteria |
| ***Spreads into [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleura]] | | ***Spreads into [[Pleural Cavity & Membranes Inflammatory - Pathology|pleura]] |
| **Microscopically: | | **Microscopically: |
− | ***Typical granulomatous inflammation
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| ***Epitheliod and giant cells at centre of tubercles | | ***Epitheliod and giant cells at centre of tubercles |
| ****Macrophages with ingested bacteria, forming epithelioid cells - large vesicular nuclei, abundant pale cytoplasm | | ****Macrophages with ingested bacteria, forming epithelioid cells - large vesicular nuclei, abundant pale cytoplasm |
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− | *inhalation of ''Mycobacterium bovis'' most common via droplets
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| *some tubercle bacilli enter the lymph and travel to the bronchial or mediastinal nodes | | *some tubercle bacilli enter the lymph and travel to the bronchial or mediastinal nodes |
| *inhaled bacilli reach the alveoli, set up a focus of inflammation | | *inhaled bacilli reach the alveoli, set up a focus of inflammation |
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| ::- leads to type IV (delayedd type) hypesensitivity | | ::- leads to type IV (delayedd type) hypesensitivity |
| ::- 'caseous' or cheesy type of necrosis | | ::- 'caseous' or cheesy type of necrosis |
− | ::- if bacterium destroyed, further infection/disease is prevented
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| =====Tuberculosis pleurisy===== | | =====Tuberculosis pleurisy===== |