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Firm mass in large colon but may underestimate extent of impaction because much of colon out of reach (83)
Firm mass in large colon but may underestimate extent of impaction because much of colon out of reach (83)
Adjacent colon may be distended if impaction has resulted in complete obstruction
Adjacent colon may be distended if impaction has resulted in complete obstruction
==Treatment==
==Treatment==
===Medical===
===Medical===
*Initially intermittent abdominal pain controlled with analgesics:
**Flunixin meglumine 0.25-1.1mg/kg IV every 6-12 hours
**Butorphanol 0.05-0.1 mg/kg IV every 6-8 hours
**Xylazine 0.3-0.5mg/kg IV as needed
*Oral laxatives to soften the impaction:
**Liquid paraffin or mineral oil 2-4lites by nasogastric tube every 12 to 24 hours
**Anionic surfactant dioctyl sodium succinate (DSS) 6-12g/500kg diluted in 2-4litres of water by nasogastric tube every 12-24 hours
*Saline cathartics such as magnesium sulphate 0.1 mg/kg in 2-4litres by nasgastric tube may also be useful
*Prevent access to feed
Aggressive oral and IV fluid therapy (2-4 times maintenance) if impactions persist(83)
===Surgical===
===Surgical===
==Prognosis==
==Prognosis==
==Prevention==
==Prevention==