Changes

==Transmission and Epidemiology==

==Transmission and Epidemiology==

*Transfers '''easily''' via ingesting infected '''urine, feces or respiratory secretions'''

CAV-1 infection occurs by inhalation and ingestion, after shedding in the urine, faecs or respiratory secretions. Transmission my be by direct contact, or by indirect contact and fomites such as handlers or infected surfaces. Following infection, the virus initially replicates in the tonsils and Peyer's patches. A viraemia is produced, and CAV-1 secondarily localises and replicates in the liver and kidneys.

*Can be transferred by handlers, infected surfaces, etc

Infection is by inhalation and ingestion. Spread is by direct and indirect contact.

==Disease==

==Disease==

This high incidence of infection is not matched by a  similar incidence of clinical hepatitis, and it si now known that many  infections are subclinical and that the virus is also responsible for  other conditions, e.g. encephalopathy, ocular disease, neonatal disease,  chronic hepatitis, and interstitial nephritis. In several countries,  the virus has been isolated from throat swabs or lungs from dogs with  respiratory disease, and in Britain CAV-1 is thought to be of importane  in kennel cough (infectious tracheobronchitis).

This high incidence of infection is not matched by a  similar incidence of clinical hepatitis, and it si now known that many  infections are subclinical and that the virus is also responsible for  other conditions, e.g. encephalopathy, ocular disease, neonatal disease,  chronic hepatitis, and interstitial nephritis. In several countries,  the virus has been isolated from throat swabs or lungs from dogs with  respiratory disease, and in Britain CAV-1 is thought to be of importane  in kennel cough (infectious tracheobronchitis).