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==Description==

==Description==

==Pathogenesis==

==Pathogenesis==

MAP is primarily spread through herds via faecal-oral transmission, contaminated water and in utero. Young animals less than a year of age are most susceptible to infection and usually become infected through ingestion of contaminated milk or colostrum. Environmental factors such as overcrowding and dirty pens may increase the risk of infection. Following ingestion of M. paratuberculosis, infection begins in the ileum. Following uptake by the Peyer's Patches, M. paratuberculosis infects macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract and lymph nodes leading to a granulomatous inflammatory response.

MAP is primarily spread through herds via faecal-oral transmission, contaminated water and in utero. Young animals less than a year of age are most susceptible to infection and usually become infected through ingestion of contaminated milk or colostrum. Environmental factors such as overcrowding and dirty pens may increase the risk of infection.  

 

Following ingestion of ''M. paratuberculosis'' and uptake by the Peyer's Patches, infection begins in the ileum. ''M. paratuberculosis'' infects macrophages in the gastrointestinal tract and lymph nodes leading to a granulomatous inflammatory response. This leads to malabsorption and a protein-losing enteropathy.

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==

==Diagnosis==  

==Diagnosis==  

Diagnosis is difficult, particularly in the case of subclinical disease as there is no single test that will detect all stages of the disease. The most commonly used diagnostic test is the ELISA which detects antibodies to ''M. paratuberculosis'' in clinically affected animals. This is typically used in combination with post mortem and identification of the classic pathological lesions of the disease. Other commercially available tests include baceterial culture, PCR and agar gel immunodiffusion. Test sensitivity may be increased by using different tests in combination.

Diagnosis is difficult, particularly in the case of subclinical disease as there is no single test that will detect all stages of the disease. Bacterial culture is the most definitive test but is time-consuming, requiring up to twelve weeks. The most commonly used diagnostic test is the ELISA which detects antibodies to ''M. paratuberculosis'' in clinically affected animals. This is typically used in combination with post mortem and identification of the classic pathological lesions of the disease. Other commercially available tests include baceterial culture, PCR and agar gel immunodiffusion. Test sensitivity may be increased by using different tests in combination.

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Enteritis,_Granulomatous]]

[[Category:Enteritis,_Granulomatous]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_SophieIgnarski]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_SophieIgnarski]]