NB: the time to development of reflux is proportional to the distance to the intestinal segment involved, (e.g. 4 hours with duodenal obstruction(147)). Furthermore, '''''nasogastric intubation does not preclude the possibility of gastric rupture(146).'''''
+
NB: the time to development of reflux is proportional to the distance to the intestinal segment involved, (e.g. 4 hours with duodenal obstruction(147)). Furthermore, '''''nasogastric intubation does not preclude the possibility of gastric rupture.<ref name="Todhunter">Todhunter, R.J, Erb, H.N, Roth, L (1986) Gastric rupture in horses: a review of 54 cases. ''Equine Vet J'', 30:344-348.</ref>'''''