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Gastric Dilation and Rupture - Horse (view source)
Revision as of 17:24, 11 August 2010
, 17:24, 11 August 2010→Clinical signs
*Pale mucous membranes
*Pale mucous membranes
*Retching<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>
*Retching<ref name="Merck">Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''', ''Merial''.</ref>
*Ingesta appears at the nares in severe cases
*Ingesta appears at the nares in severe cases (rare)
*Gastric reflux
*Gastric reflux
NB: the time to development of reflux is proportional to the distance to the intestinal segment involved, (e.g. 4 hours with duodenal obstruction<ref>Puotunen-Reinert, A, Huskamp, B (1986) Experimental duodenal obstruction in the horse. ''Vet Surg'', 15:420-428. In: Sanchez, L.C (2010) ''Other Disorders of the Stomach'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 15.</ref>). Furthermore, '''''nasogastric intubation does not preclude the possibility of gastric rupture.<ref name="Todhunter">Todhunter, R.J, Erb, H.N, Roth, L (1986) Gastric rupture in horses: a review of 54 cases. ''Equine Vet J'', 30:344-348.</ref>'''''
NB: the time to development of reflux is proportional to the distance to the intestinal segment involved, (e.g. 4 hours with duodenal obstruction<ref>Puotunen-Reinert, A, Huskamp, B (1986) Experimental duodenal obstruction in the horse. ''Vet Surg'', 15:420-428. In: Sanchez, L.C (2010) ''Other Disorders of the Stomach'' in Reed, S.M, Bayly, W.M. and Sellon, D.C (2010) '''Equine Internal Medicine''' (Third Edition), ''Saunders'', Chapter 15.</ref>). Furthermore, '''''nasogastric intubation does not preclude the possibility of gastric rupture.<ref name="Todhunter">Todhunter, R.J, Erb, H.N, Roth, L (1986) Gastric rupture in horses: a review of 54 cases. ''Equine Vet J'', 30:344-348.</ref>'''''
*Relief
*Relief
*Depression
*Depression
The inevitable '''peritonitis''' and '''shock''' will lead to:
The inevitable '''peritonitis''' and '''endotoxic shock''' will lead to:
*Reluctance to move(Proudman)
*Tachypnoea
*Tachypnoea
*Tachycardia
*Tachycardia
*Sweating
*Sweating
*Muscle fasciculations
*Muscle fasciculations
*Signs of '''endotoxaemia'''
*Blue or purple mucous membranes (Proudman)
NB: rupture of a stomach containing dry, fibrous material may produce a more insidious onset of clinical signs of peritonitis than rupture of a fluid distended viscus. This probably relates to the speed at which gastric contents are able to disperse around the peritoneum.(Proudman)
==Diagnosis==
==Diagnosis==