Changes

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

*'''[[Colic, Medical Treatment|Medical treatment]]'''

*'''[[Colic, Medical Treatment|Medical treatment]]:''' if anatomical obstructions have been ruled out, prokinetic agents may prove useful to restore gastric motility, especially in the presence of post-operative ileus. '''Metoclopramide''' (0.10-0.25 mg/kg TID or QID) has neurological side effects. '''Cisapride''' is currently unavailable. '''Bethanecol''' (at 0.0025 to 0.03mg/kg SC every 4 hours then 0.3-0.75 mg/kg PO TID or QID) has been used to promote gastric emptying but it produces dose-related gastrointestinal side effects including colic, diarrhoea and salivation.<ref>Murray, M.J (1990) Gastric ulceration.  In: Smith, B.P, '''Large Animal Internal Medicine''', ''CV Mosby Publishing Company'', USA, pp 648-652. In:</ref> These prokinetic agents should be used only when anatomical obstructions have been ruled out. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appear to be beneficial in equine post operative ileus, possibly by inhibiting the release of prostaglandin synthesis induced by endotoxin. Both flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone have been used and there is some evidence to suggest that phenylbutazone may be more

 

Prokinetic agents

Impaired gastric motility has been treated with several drugs, especially in the context of treatment for postoperative ileus. Metoclopramide (0.10-0.25 mg/kg bwt 3-4 times daily) has been used, but the frequent occurrence of neurological side effects limits its utility. Cisapride, a 5-HT4 agonist, has received some attention. It has been given per 0s and i.v. but commercially only an oral formulation is available. A suggested dose is 0.1 mg/kg q. 8 h (Gerring et a/. 1991). However, its therapeutic benefits have been found to be equivocal. Bethanecol. a muscarinic agonist, has also been used to promote gastric emptying (0.00250.03 mg/kg SC q. 4 h then 0.3-0.75 mg/kg bwt per 0s 3-4 times daily), but it produces dose related gastrointestinal side effects including colic, diarrhoea and salivation (Murray 1990). These prokinetic agents should be used only when anatomical obstructions have been ruled out. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs appear to be beneficial in equine post operative ileus, possibly by inhibiting the release of prostaglandin synthesis induced by endotoxin. Both flunixin meglumine and phenylbutazone have been used and there is some evidence to suggest that phenylbutazone may be more

efficacious (King and Gerring 1989).

efficacious (King and Gerring 1989).

In particular, in cases of delayed gastric emptying, gastric decompression must be maintained either by an indwelling nasogastric tube, with the attendant risks of prolonged intubation, or by repeated intubation. Hydration should be effectively maintained by parenteral

In particular, in cases of delayed gastric emptying, gastric decompression must be maintained either by an indwelling nasogastric tube, with the attendant risks of prolonged intubation, or by repeated intubation. Hydration should be effectively maintained by parenteral