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Created page with "* Phagocytosis is a very primitive system of defence against infection ** Even exists in invertebrates * Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis (cell eating), it is the method of..."
* Phagocytosis is a very primitive system of defence against infection
** Even exists in invertebrates
* Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis (cell eating), it is the method of removal of bacteria and dead cells by vesicular internalisation
** The internalised vesicle is referred to as the "phagosome"
** '''Lysosomes''', which contain a large range of enzymes, fuse with the phagosome, killing the microbes in an energy-dependent way
*** Oxygen-dependant degradation utilizes Oxygen and chlorine free-radicals, Hydrogen peroxide, and Nitric oxide
*** Oxygen-independant degradation depends on granules containing proteolytic enzymes such as Defensins, Lysozyme, and cationic proteins
**** In addition, these granules contain antimicrobial elements such as lactoferrin
** Microbes are then digested by a number of different catabolic enzymes
*** Glycosidases: Digest carbohydrates
*** Lipases: Digest lipids
*** Proteases: Digest protein
** Waste products of phagocytosis are either exocytosed or further degraded by the phagocyte
* '''Neutrophils''' and '''macrophages''' are phagocytic
* '''Opsonins''' promote and accelerate phagocytosis
* Phagocytic cells target pathogens by using cell membrane receptors (PRRs) that recognise intrinsically foreign components of microorganisms (pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PAMPs)
Video of phagocytosis of ''Candida albicans'': [http://www.cellsalive.com/qtmovs/mac_mov.htm]
[[Category:Innate Immune System]]
** Even exists in invertebrates
* Phagocytosis is a form of endocytosis (cell eating), it is the method of removal of bacteria and dead cells by vesicular internalisation
** The internalised vesicle is referred to as the "phagosome"
** '''Lysosomes''', which contain a large range of enzymes, fuse with the phagosome, killing the microbes in an energy-dependent way
*** Oxygen-dependant degradation utilizes Oxygen and chlorine free-radicals, Hydrogen peroxide, and Nitric oxide
*** Oxygen-independant degradation depends on granules containing proteolytic enzymes such as Defensins, Lysozyme, and cationic proteins
**** In addition, these granules contain antimicrobial elements such as lactoferrin
** Microbes are then digested by a number of different catabolic enzymes
*** Glycosidases: Digest carbohydrates
*** Lipases: Digest lipids
*** Proteases: Digest protein
** Waste products of phagocytosis are either exocytosed or further degraded by the phagocyte
* '''Neutrophils''' and '''macrophages''' are phagocytic
* '''Opsonins''' promote and accelerate phagocytosis
* Phagocytic cells target pathogens by using cell membrane receptors (PRRs) that recognise intrinsically foreign components of microorganisms (pathogen-associated molecular patterns; PAMPs)
Video of phagocytosis of ''Candida albicans'': [http://www.cellsalive.com/qtmovs/mac_mov.htm]
[[Category:Innate Immune System]]