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− | {{toplink
| + | ==<font color="black">Adiaspiromycosis</font>== |
− | |linkpage =Systemic Mycoses
| |
− | |linktext =SYSTEMIC MYCOSES
| |
− | |sublink1 =Flash Cards - WikiBugs
| |
− | |subtext1 =WIKIBUGS FLASHCARDS
| |
− | |pagetype =Bugs
| |
− | }}
| |
− | ==<font color="purple">Adiaspiromycosis</font>== | |
| <FlashCard questions="2"> | | <FlashCard questions="2"> |
| |q1=What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection? | | |q1=What is the pathogenesis of an adiaspiromycosis infection? |
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| *Small animals | | *Small animals |
| |l2=Adiaspiromycosis | | |l2=Adiaspiromycosis |
| + | </FlashCard> |
| + | <br> |
| | | |
| + | ==<font color="black">Aspergillosis</font>== |
| + | <FlashCard questions="6"> |
| + | |q1=<small>Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections: |
| + | <br />Aspergiollosis is found _____. It is widely present in _____ and can colonise a _____ range of substrates under _____ environmental conditions. It is abundant in ______ and ______ which have ______ during storage. |
| + | |a1=Aspergiollosis is found worldwide. It is widely present in nature and can colonise a wide range of substrates under different> environmental conditions. It is abundant in hay, straw and grain which have heated during storage. |
| + | |l1=Aspergillosis |
| + | |q2=What are the clinical signs of infection in birds? |
| + | |a2= |
| + | *Diarrhoea |
| + | *Listlessness |
| + | *Pyrexia |
| + | *Loss of appetite |
| + | *Loss of condition |
| + | *Convulsions |
| + | *Death |
| + | |l2=Aspergillosis |
| + | |q3=What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle? |
| + | |a3= |
| + | *Up to 2mm in diameter |
| + | *Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre |
| + | *Miliary lesions in acute infections |
| + | *Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections |
| + | |l3=Aspergillosis |
| + | |q4=What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses? |
| + | |a4= |
| + | *Gutteral pouch mycosis |
| + | *Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD) |
| + | *Mycotic abortion |
| + | |l4=Aspergillosis |
| + | |q5=What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar? |
| + | |a5= |
| + | *White colonies initially |
| + | *Colonies turn green and then dark green |
| + | *Flat and velvety |
| + | *Colony colour varies with species |
| + | |l5=Aspergillosis |
| + | |q6=How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis? |
| + | |a6= |
| + | *Surgery |
| + | *Antifungal drugs |
| + | *Ketoconazole |
| + | *Nystatin |
| + | *Amphotericin B |
| + | *5-fluorocytosine |
| + | *Thiabendazole |
| + | |l6=Aspergillosis |
| + | </FlashCard> |
| + | <br> |
| | | |
| + | ==<font color="black">Blastomycosis</font>== |
| + | <FlashCard questions="5"> |
| + | |q1=Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection? |
| + | |a1= |
| + | *Respiratory infection |
| + | *Lesions start in the lungs |
| + | *Haematogenous dissemination |
| + | *Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia |
| + | *Fatal if not treated |
| + | *Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules |
| + | |l1=Blastomycosis |
| + | |q2=What do colonies look like on Blood agar? |
| + | |a2= |
| + | *Cream coloured |
| + | *Waxy |
| + | *Crinkled |
| + | |l2=Blastomycosis |
| + | |q3=What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar? |
| + | |a3= |
| + | *Grey coloured |
| + | *Moist |
| + | *White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black |
| + | |l3=Blastomycosis |
| + | |q4=How would you diagnose an infection? |
| + | |a4= |
| + | *Clinical signs |
| + | *Complement fixation test |
| + | *ELISA |
| + | *Counterimmunoelectrophoresis |
| + | |l4=Blastomycosis |
| + | |q5=How would you treat an infection? |
| + | |a5= |
| + | *Amphotericin B |
| + | *Imidazoles |
| + | |l5=Blastomycosis |
| </FlashCard> | | </FlashCard> |
| <br> | | <br> |
| | | |
− | ==<font color="purple">Aspergillosis</font>== | + | ==<font color="black">Coccidioidomycosis</font>== |
− | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
| + | <FlashCard questions="3"> |
− | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| + | |q1=What environmental conditions does ''Coccidioides immitis'' prefer? |
− | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| + | |a1= |
− | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| + | *Arid |
− | |-
| + | *Dusty |
− | |<big>'''Fill in the missing words about aspergillosis infections'''
| + | *E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA |
− | ||<big>Aspergiollosis is found <font color="white">'''''worldwide'''''</font>. It is widely present in <font color="white">'''''nature'''''</font> and can colonise a <font color="white">'''''wide'''''</font> range of substrates under <font color="white">'''''different'''''</font> environmental conditions. It is abundant in <font color="white">'''''hay, straw'''''</font> and <font color="white">'''''grain'''''</font> which have <font color="white">'''''heated'''''</font> during storage. | + | |l1=Coccidioidomycosis |
− | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| + | |q2=Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections? |
− | |-
| + | |a2= |
− | |<big>'''What are the clinical signs of infection in birds?'''
| + | *Respiratory infection |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | + | *Causes localised nodules and granulomas |
− | *'''''Diarrhoea''''' | + | *Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs |
− | *'''''Listlessness''''' | + | *Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones |
− | *'''''Pyrexia''''' | + | |l2=Coccidioidomycosis |
− | *'''''Loss of appetite'''''
| + | |q3=How would you diagnose an infection? |
− | *'''''Loss of condition'''''
| + | |a3= |
− | *'''''Convulsions'''''
| + | *Clinical signs |
− | *'''''Death'''''
| + | *Complement fixation test |
− | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | + | *Latex agglutination |
− | |-
| + | *Immunodiffusion |
− | |<big>'''What do aspergillosis lesions look like in cattle?'''
| + | *A positive skin test indicates exposure |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | + | |l3=Coccidioidomycosis |
− | *'''''Up to 2mm in diameter'''''
| + | </FlashCard> |
− | *'''''Lesions contain asteroid bodies with a germinated spore in the centre'''''
| |
− | *'''''Miliary lesions in acute infections'''''
| |
− | *'''''Granulomatous and calcified lesions in chronic infections'''''
| |
− | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''What diseases does aspergillosis infections cause in horses?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | |
− | *'''''Gutteral pouch mycosis''''' | |
− | *'''''Chronic obstructive pulmonary airway disease (COPD)''''' | |
− | *'''''Mycotic abortion''''' | |
− | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''White colonies initially'''''
| |
− | *'''''Colonies turn green and then dark green'''''
| |
− | *'''''Flat and velvety''''' | |
− | *'''''Colony colour varies with species'''''
| |
− | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | |
− | |- | |
− | |<big>'''How would you treat an infection of aspergillosis?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | |
− | *'''''Surgery''''' | |
− | *'''''Antifungal drugs'''''
| |
− | **'''''Ketoconazole'''''
| |
− | **'''''Nystatin''''' | |
− | **'''''Amphotericin B''''' | |
− | **'''''5-fluorocytosine''''' | |
− | **'''''Thiabendazole''''' | |
− | ||[[Aspergillosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | |
− | |}
| |
| <br> | | <br> |
| | | |
− | ==<font color="purple">Blastomycosis</font>== | + | ==<font color="black">Entomophthoromycisus</font>== |
− | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
| + | <FlashCard questions="2"> |
− | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| + | |q1=What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus? |
− | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| + | |a1= |
− | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| + | *Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue |
− | |-
| + | *Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes |
− | |<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of a blastomycosis infection?'''
| + | |l1=Entomophthoromycisus |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | + | |q2=How would you treat an infection? |
− | *'''''Respiratory infection''''' | + | |a2= |
− | *'''''Lesions start in the lungs'''''
| + | *Surgical excision |
− | *'''''Haematogenous dissemination'''''
| + | *Amphotericin B |
− | *'''''Can be found in lesions in the eyes, brain, bones, skin and genitalia''''' | + | *Ketoconazole |
− | *'''''Fatal if not treated'''''
| + | |l2=Entomophthoromycisus |
− | *'''''Skin lesions may ulcerate forming granulomatous nodules'''''
| + | </FlashCard> |
− | ||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''What do colonies look like on Blood agar?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Cream coloured'''''
| |
− | *'''''Waxy'''''
| |
− | *'''''Crinkled'''''
| |
− | ||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''What do colonies look like on Sabauraud's Dextrose agar?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Grey coloured'''''
| |
− | *'''''Moist'''''
| |
− | *'''''White cotton-like mycelium which turns tan, brown and then black'''''
| |
− | ||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?''' | |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Clinical signs'''''
| |
− | *'''''Complement fixation test'''''
| |
− | *'''''ELISA'''''
| |
− | *'''''Counterimmunoelectrophoresis'''''
| |
− | ||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | |
− | *'''''Amphotericin B''''' | |
− | *'''''Imidazoles''''' | |
− | ||[[Blastomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | |
− | |}
| |
| <br> | | <br> |
| | | |
− | ==<font color="purple">Coccidioidomycosis</font>== | + | |
− | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
| + | ==<font color="black">Histoplasmosis</font>== |
− | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| + | <FlashCard questions="5"> |
− | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| + | |q1=True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores? |
− | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| + | |a1= |
− | |- | + | *False |
− | |<big>'''What environmental conditions does ''Coccidioides immitis'' prefer?''' | + | *Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | + | |l1=Histoplasmosis |
− | *'''''Arid''''' | + | |q2=Which organs/bodily systems are affected? |
− | *'''''Dusty''''' | + | |a2= |
− | *'''''E.g. Mexico and the South-Western USA''''' | + | *Reticuloendothelial |
− | ||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | + | *Pulmonary |
− | |- | + | *Intestinal |
− | |<big>'''Describe the pathogenesis of coccidiomycosis infections?'''
| + | |l2=Histoplasmosis |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | + | |q3=Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell? |
− | *'''''Respiratory infection'''''
| + | |a3= |
− | *'''''Causes localised nodules and granulomas''''' | + | *Macrophages |
− | *'''''Lesions usually seen in the mediastinal lymph nodes and lungs'''''
| + | |l3=Histoplasmosis |
− | *'''''Dissemination can occur to the lungs, liver, spleen, brain and bones'''''
| + | |q4=How would you diagnose an infection? |
− | ||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| + | |a4= |
− | |- | + | *Clinical signs |
− | |<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
| + | *Complement fixation test |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | + | *Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion |
− | *'''''Clinical signs''''' | + | *Immunodiffusion |
− | *'''''Complement fixation test''''' | + | *A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection) |
− | *'''''Latex agglutination''''' | + | |l4=Histoplasmosis |
− | *'''''Immunodiffusion''''' | + | |q5=How would you treat an infection? |
− | *'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure''''' | + | |a5= |
− | ||[[Coccidioidomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | + | *Amphotericin B |
− | |}
| + | *If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given |
| + | *In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor |
| + | |l5=Histoplasmosis |
| + | </FlashCard> |
| <br> | | <br> |
| | | |
− | ==<font color="purple">Entomophthoromycisus</font>== | + | ==<font color="black">Zygomycosis</font>== |
− | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
| + | <FlashCard questions="6"> |
− | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| + | |q1=Which fungi cause zygomycosis? |
− | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| + | |a1= |
− | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| + | *Mucor |
− | |- | + | *Absidia |
− | |<big>'''What clinical signs present with an infection of entomophthoromycisus?''' | + | *Rhizopus |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | + | *Mortierella |
− | *'''''Ulcerative granulomas in subcutaneous tissue''''' | + | |l1=Zygomycosis |
− | *'''''Large lesions affecting the skin on the head, neck and chest which have fistulous tracts extending to the lymph nodes''''' | + | |q2=Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections? |
− | ||[[Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | + | |a2= |
− | |- | + | *Infection is through inhalation and ingestion |
− | |<big>'''How would you treat an infection?''' | + | *Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big> | + | *Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous |
− | *'''''Surgical excision''''' | + | *Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers |
− | *'''''Amphotericin B'''''
| + | *Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised) |
− | *'''''Ketoconazole''''' | + | *Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate |
− | ||[[Entomophthoromycisus|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]] | + | |l2=Zygomycosis |
− | |}
| + | |q3=Where do lesions occur in pigs? |
| + | |a3= |
| + | *Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes |
| + | *Stomach ulcers |
| + | *Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver |
| + | |l3=Zygomycosis |
| + | |q4=Where do lesions occur in cattle? |
| + | |a4= |
| + | *Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes |
| + | *Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum |
| + | *Can contaminate the placenta |
| + | |l4=Zygomycosis |
| + | |q5=True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants? |
| + | |a5= |
| + | *True |
| + | |l5=Zygomycosis |
| + | |q6=How would you treat an infection? |
| + | |a6= |
| + | *Amphotericin B |
| + | *Surgical excision |
| + | |l6=Zygomycosis |
| + | </FlashCard> |
| <br> | | <br> |
| | | |
− | ==<font color="purple">Histoplasmosis</font>==
| |
− | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
| |
− | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| |
− | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| |
− | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''True or False: Histoplasmosis infections occur solely through ingestion of fungal spores'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''False'''''
| |
− | *'''''Infection is through both ingestion and respiratory'''''
| |
− | ||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''Which organs/bodily systems are affected?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Reticuloendothelial'''''
| |
− | *'''''Pulmonary'''''
| |
− | *'''''Intestinal'''''
| |
− | ||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''Histoplasma capsulatum are found intracellularly in which type of cell?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Macrophages'''''
| |
− | ||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''How would you diagnose an infection?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Clinical signs'''''
| |
− | *'''''Complement fixation test'''''
| |
− | *'''''Counterimmunoelectrodiffusion'''''
| |
− | *'''''Immunodiffusion'''''
| |
− | *'''''A positive skin test indicates exposure only (not an active infection)'''''
| |
− | ||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''How would you treat an infection?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Amphotericin B'''''
| |
− | *'''''If Amphotericin B is contra-indicated, imidazoles can be given'''''
| |
− | *'''''In acute and disseminated cases, the prognosis is poor'''''
| |
− | ||[[Histoplasmosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |}
| |
− | <br>
| |
| | | |
− | ==<font color="purple">Zygomycosis</font>==
| + | [[Category:Systemic Mycoses|Zz]][[Category:Fungi Flashcards]] |
− | {| border="3" cellpadding="8"
| |
− | !width="400"|'''Question'''
| |
− | !width="400"|'''Answer'''
| |
− | !width="150"|'''Article'''
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''Which fungi cause zygomycosis?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Mucor'''''
| |
− | *'''''Absidia'''''
| |
− | *'''''Rhizopus'''''
| |
− | *'''''Mortierella'''''
| |
− | ||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''Describe the general pathogenesis of zygomycosis infections?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Infection is through inhalation and ingestion'''''
| |
− | *'''''Lymph nodes of the repiratory and ailimentary tract are infected'''''
| |
− | *'''''Lymph nodes enlarge and become caseous'''''
| |
− | *'''''Causes stomach and intestinal ulcers'''''
| |
− | *'''''Lesions are usually localised (can become generalised)'''''
| |
− | *'''''Granulomatous lesions can ulcerate'''''
| |
− | ||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''Where do lesions occur in pigs?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Mediastinal and submandibular lymph nodes'''''
| |
− | *'''''Stomach ulcers'''''
| |
− | *'''''Embolic tumours in the lungs and liver'''''
| |
− | ||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''Where do lesions occur in cattle?'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Mediastinal, bronchial and mesenteric lymph nodes'''''
| |
− | *'''''Ulcers in the nasal cavity and abomasum'''''
| |
− | *'''''Can contaminate the placenta'''''
| |
− | ||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''True or False: Zygomycosis are common labaratory contaminants'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''True'''''
| |
− | ||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |-
| |
− | |<big>'''How would you treat an infection'''
| |
− | ||<font color="white"> <big>
| |
− | *'''''Amphotericin B'''''
| |
− | *'''''Surgical excision'''''
| |
− | ||[[Zygomycosis|<span title="Answer article">Link to Answer Article</span>]]
| |
− | |}
| |