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− | Diffuse Fibrosing Alveolitis/ Interstitial Pneumonia | + | Diffuse Fibrosing Alveolitis/ [[Interstitial Pneumonia]] |
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| *Diffuse inflammatory process which occurs distal to the terminal bronchioles | | *Diffuse inflammatory process which occurs distal to the terminal bronchioles |
| *Characterised by thickening and fibrosis of the alveolar walls | | *Characterised by thickening and fibrosis of the alveolar walls |
− | *The precise underlying aetiology of this condition is obscure and it is likely to represent the end stage of a variety of initial insults including '''EAA''' and [[Lungs Inflammatory - Pathology#Acute bovine pulmonary emphysema and oedema (ABPEE)|fog fever]] | + | *The precise underlying aetiology of this condition is obscure and it is likely to represent the end stage of a variety of initial insults including '''EAA''' and [[Acute Bovine Pulmonary Emphysema and Oedema|fog fever]] |
| *Progression from an acute exudative phase through a proliferative phase (proliferation of type II pneumocytes) to a final irreversible stage of fibrosis is the hallmark of DFA | | *Progression from an acute exudative phase through a proliferative phase (proliferation of type II pneumocytes) to a final irreversible stage of fibrosis is the hallmark of DFA |
| *The rate of the ensuing fibrosis is heavily dependant on the intensity of the inflammation associated with it | | *The rate of the ensuing fibrosis is heavily dependant on the intensity of the inflammation associated with it |
| *Underlying pathogenesis of the fibrosis is complex and involves a relative increase of type I collagen fibres (dense, high tensile strength) over type III fibres (reticulin) | | *Underlying pathogenesis of the fibrosis is complex and involves a relative increase of type I collagen fibres (dense, high tensile strength) over type III fibres (reticulin) |
| *Stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition are thought to be induced by macrophage derived cytokines, e.g. IL-1, TGFalpha and TGFbeta, GM-CSF | | *Stimulation of fibroblast proliferation and collagen deposition are thought to be induced by macrophage derived cytokines, e.g. IL-1, TGFalpha and TGFbeta, GM-CSF |
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| + | [[Image:Diffuse fibrosing alveolitis.jpg|right|thumb|150px|<small><center>Diffuse fibrosing alveolitis (Image sourced from Bristol Biomed Image Archive with permission)</center></small>]] |
| + | *Chronic disease of adult cattle occuring sporadically |
| + | *Probably caused by repeated subclinical incidents of fog fever or farmer's lung |
| + | *[[Extrinsic Allergic Bronchio-Alveolitis|'''Farmer's Lung''']] |
| + | **Extrinsic allergic alveolitis |
| + | **Hypersensitivity of ingested or inhaled moulds |
| + | **May occur as an outbreak or sporadically in adult cattle |
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| + | *'''Hypersensitivity diseases''' often cause an lymphocytic interstitial pneumonia |
| + | *Chronic interstitial pneumonia progresses to fibrosis |
| + | **Sometimes called '''pneumonitis''' |
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| [[Category:Allergic Respiratory Diseases]][[Category:To Do - Blood]][[Category:To Do - Clinical]] | | [[Category:Allergic Respiratory Diseases]][[Category:To Do - Blood]][[Category:To Do - Clinical]] |
| + | [[Category:Type III Hypersensitivity Diseases]] |
| + | [[Category:Bronchi and Bronchioles - Pathology]] |
| + | [[Category:Respiratory System - Inflammatory Pathology]] |