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Gastric Dilatation and Volvulus (view source)
Revision as of 11:59, 20 August 2010
, 11:59, 20 August 2010no edit summary
==Risk factors==
==Risk factors==
Studies have shown that dogs with a reduced thoracic width to depth ratio are at a in increased risk of developing GDV. Other risk factors include obesity, exercise following feeding a dry food diet. Female dogs are also more likely to develop GDV than males.
Studies have shown that dogs with a reduced thoracic width to depth ratio are at a in increased risk of developing GDV. Other risk factors include obesity, stress,exercise following feeding and feeding of a dry food diet. Female dogs are also more likely to develop GDV than males.
==History and Clinical signs==
The owner will often report a history of non-productive vomiting (retching) an an acute onset of abdominal distension. There may be a history of rapid consumption of food followed shortly by exercise.
On physical examination , the dog may be collapsed or reluctant to stand. Abdominal distension and tympany are often
*Non-productive retching
*Non-productive retching
*Weakness
*Weakness
*Pallor
*Pallor
*Hypothermia
*Hypothermia
==Diagnosis==
Diagnosis is usually based on the patient's history of unproductive vomiting and abdominal distension and signalment (i.e. a large breed dog). Abdominal radiography may be beneficial in confirming a diagnosis of GDV and distinguishing between GDV and gastric dilatation without volvulus. Radiography should not be performed until gastric decompression has been performed and intravenous fluids have been started. A radiograph performed in right lateral recumbency shows a dorsally and cranially positioned pylorus positioned to the left of the midline. The stomach will appear compartmentalised with a soft tissue strip separating the two compartments. The oesophagus may appear dilated with air or fluid.
(GDV x-ray from WikiCommons[[http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:GDV_x-ray.JPG]])
The contrast of the abdomen may be lost indicating peritonitis or [[Haemoabdomen|haemoabdomen]]. Gastric rupture would show as pneumoperitoneum and increased contrast.
===Haematology===
===Haematology===
Most commonly find hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis. The acidosis is caused hypoperfusion and anaerobic metabolism leading to lactic acid accumulation. Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis may also be present due to hypo- and hyperventilation.
Most commonly find hypokalaemia and metabolic acidosis. The acidosis is caused hypoperfusion and anaerobic metabolism leading to lactic acid accumulation. Respiratory acidosis and alkalosis may also be present due to hypo- and hyperventilation.
==Treatment==
==Treatment==