Changes

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Initial treatment should be aimed at managing the dog's hypovolaemic shock. Large bore (16 or 18 gauge) catheters should be placed into the cephalic or jugular veins and a proportion of the shock dose of Compound Sodium Lactate (90ml/kg/h) should be administered based on the severity of the dog's clinical signs. Hypertonic saline or colloid fluids may be indicated in very large dogs or those who have not responded to a bolus dose of crystalloid fluids. Monitoring of the animal's cardiovascular status should be performed with regular blood pressure measurements, heart rates, PCV and total solids and urine output.

Initial treatment should be aimed at managing the dog's hypovolaemic shock. Large bore (16 or 18 gauge) catheters should be placed into the cephalic or jugular veins and a proportion of the shock dose of Compound Sodium Lactate (90ml/kg/h) should be administered intravenously based on the severity of the dog's clinical signs. Hypertonic saline or colloid fluids may be indicated in very large dogs or those who have not responded to a bolus dose of crystalloid fluids. Following a period of aggressive fluid therapy, gastric decompression should be performed.

Gastric decompression is performed by introduction of a lubricated premeasured (from nostril to last rib) stomach tube or by  It is important to mimimise stress when this procedure is carried out. Sedation is not usually required but suitable drugs for this include Butorphanol, Fentanyl or Diazepam. It the animal is resistant to orogastric intubation or becomes stressed, trocharizing the most tympanic area caudal to the ribs with a 14 to 16 gauge catheter.

Gastric decompression is performed by introduction of a lubricated premeasured (from nostril to last rib) stomach tube or by  It is important to mimimise stress when this procedure is carried out. Sedation is not usually required but suitable drugs for this include Butorphanol, Fentanyl or Diazepam. It the animal is resistant to orogastric intubation or becomes stressed, trocharizing the most tympanic area caudal to the ribs with a 14 to 16 gauge catheter.

Analgesia in the form of a pure opioid should be provided (e.g.)

Other treatment may include broad spectrum antibiotics e.g. Cephalosporin and a Fluoroquinolone. Thses should also be given at surgical induction through to the postoperative period. For cardiac arrythmias: indicated if weakness, syncope, tachycardia runs with R on T complexes, ventricular tachycardia at rates >150bpm. Treated by correcting [[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Acid / Base|acid-base]], [[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology|electrolyte]] and [[Haemostasis - Pathology|haemostatic]] disturbances. The treatment is [[Local Anaesthetics#Lidocaine|lidocaine]] by bolus or continuous rate infusion or procainamide if they persist.

Other treatment may include broad spectrum antibiotics e.g. Cephalosporin and a Fluoroquinolone. Thses should also be given at surgical induction through to the postoperative period. For cardiac arrythmias: indicated if weakness, syncope, tachycardia runs with R on T complexes, ventricular tachycardia at rates >150bpm. Treated by correcting [[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology#Acid / Base|acid-base]], [[Essential Ion and Compound Balance and Homeostasis - Anatomy & Physiology|electrolyte]] and [[Haemostasis - Pathology|haemostatic]] disturbances. The treatment is [[Local Anaesthetics#Lidocaine|lidocaine]] by bolus or continuous rate infusion or procainamide if they persist.