Changes

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

Initial treatment should be aimed at managing the dog's hypovolaemic shock. Large bore (16 or 18 gauge) catheters should be placed into the cephalic or jugular veins and a proportion of the shock dose of Compound Sodium Lactate (90ml/kg/h) should be administered intravenously based on the severity of the dog's clinical signs. Hypertonic saline or colloid fluids may be indicated in very large dogs or those who have not responded to a bolus dose of crystalloid fluids. Following a period of aggressive fluid therapy, gastric decompression should be performed.

Initial treatment should be aimed at managing the dog's hypovolaemic shock. Large bore (16 or 18 gauge) catheters should be placed into the cephalic or jugular veins and a proportion of the shock dose of Compound Sodium Lactate (90ml/kg/h) should be administered intravenously based on the severity of the dog's clinical signs. Hypertonic saline or colloid fluids may be indicated in very large dogs or those who have not responded to a bolus dose of crystalloid fluids. Following a period of aggressive fluid therapy, gastric decompression should be performed. A lubricated large-bore stomach tube is premeasured (from nostril to last rib)and marked. It is then introduced into the oesophagus and should not be advanced beyond the marked point. It is important to mimimise stress when this procedure is carried out. Sedation is not usually required but suitable drugs for this include Butorphanol, Fentanyl or Diazepam. It the animal is resistant to orogastric intubation or becomes stressed, trocharizing the most tympanic area caudal to the ribs with a 14 to 16 gauge catheter. This may allow susequent completion of orogastric intubation for further decompression.

Gastric decompression is performed by introduction of a lubricated premeasured (from nostril to last rib) stomach tube or by  It is important to mimimise stress when this procedure is carried out. Sedation is not usually required but suitable drugs for this include Butorphanol, Fentanyl or Diazepam. It the animal is resistant to orogastric intubation or becomes stressed, trocharizing the most tympanic area caudal to the ribs with a 14 to 16 gauge catheter.

Analgesia in the form of a pure opioid should be provided (e.g.)

Analgesia in the form of a pure opioid should be provided (e.g.)