Changes

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

Foals and yearlings are particularly susceptible to infection with ascarids, impaction usually occurs following the adminstration of an anthelmintic with a high efficacy.  

Foals and yearlings are particularly susceptible to infection with ascarids, impaction usually occurs following the administration of an anthelmintic with a high efficacy.  

Ileal impaction is more common in younger animals which are at greater risk of infection with tapeworms such as ''[[Anoplocephala|Anoplocephala perfoliata]].''

Ileal impaction is more common in younger animals which are at greater risk of infection with tapeworms such as ''[[Anoplocephala|Anoplocephala perfoliata]].''

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

===Clinical Signs===

===Clinical Signs===

Clinical signs are of simple small intestine obstruction. Typically the condition starts with mild [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|signs of colic]] which then progress as the condition becomes established. There will be additional signs of parasite infestation, weight loss, diarrhoea and ill trift, in cases associated with ascarid and tapeworm infection.  

Clinical signs are of simple small intestine obstruction. Typically the condition starts with mild [[Colic Diagnosis - Clinical Signs|signs of colic]] which then progress as the condition becomes established. There will be additional signs of parasite infestation, weight loss, diarrhoea and ill thrift, in cases associated with ascarid and tapeworm infection.  

The severity and speed of onset of clinical signs is determined by the level of the obstruction. Proximal obstructions will progress more rapidly than distal ones.

The severity and speed of onset of clinical signs is determined by the level of the obstruction. Proximal obstructions will progress more rapidly than distal ones.

On '''[[Rectal Examination of the Horse|rectal examination]]''' the small intestine is palpable as distended loops; in the early stages of ileal impaction a tubular structure may be felt in the mid abdomen.  

On '''[[Rectal Examination of the Horse|rectal examination]]''' the small intestine is palpable as distended loops; in the early stages of ileal impaction a tubular structure may be felt in the mid abdomen.  

Clinical signs and rectal examiniation will diagnose the problem to the small intetsine but it may not be possible to make a definitive diagnosis until the horse is taken to surgery.  

Clinical signs and rectal examination will diagnose the problem to the small intesine but it may not be possible to make a definitive diagnosis until the horse is taken to surgery.  

===Ultrasound===

===Ultrasound===

Abdominal ultrasound reveals distended loops of small intestine which are frequently amotile.

Abdominal ultrasound reveals distended loops of small intestine which are frequently immotile.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

In cases of partial impaction medical treatment with laxatives, IV fluids and analgesia may be successful but surgical management is usually recommended for small instenstine impaction. A ventral midline laparotomy is carried out to gain access to the small intestine, in severe cases the impacted portion of the intestine is removed and an anastamosis performed. In mild cases the impaction may be manually reduced but the intetsine must be inspected closely for viability and removed if it damaged. In the case of ascarid impaction several enterotomies are usually performed.  

In cases of partial impaction medical treatment with laxatives, IV fluids and analgesia may be successful but surgical management is usually recommended for small intestinal impaction. A ventral midline laparotomy is carried out to gain access to the small intestine, in severe cases the impacted portion of the intestine is removed and an anastamosis performed. In mild cases the impaction may be manually reduced but the intesine must be inspected closely for viability and removed if it damaged. In the case of ascarid impaction several enterotomies are usually performed.  

See '''[[Colic, Medical Treatment|Medical Treatment of Colic in Horses]]'''

See '''[[Colic, Medical Treatment|Medical Treatment of Colic in Horses]]'''

[[Category:Surgical Colic in the Horse]]

[[Category:Surgical Colic in the Horse]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_lizzyk]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_lizzyk]]