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− | *Damage to [[Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]]) in utero upsets permanent incisor formation.
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− | *[[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|Enamel]] is marked by pits, lines etc.
| + | Also known as: '''''Enamel Hypoplasia''''' |
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| + | == Introduction == |
| + | [[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]] |
| + | This condition is a consequence of abnormalities occurring during the period of [[Tooth Eruption|tooth eruption]]. It involves damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Ameloblasts|ameloblasts]] (which form [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]]) in utero, which upsets permanent incisor formation. The [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] is marked by pits and lines etc. |
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| + | In ruminants, damage to [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation is most often caused by fluoride poisoning and is seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent. |
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| + | In dogs, hypoplasia may occur following a [[Canine Distemper Virus]] (CDV) infection during tooth development. This is a very severe systemic disease seen early in life or in utero in dogs. For more small animal specific information please see [[Tooth Developmental Problems#Enamel Dysplasia|Enamel Dysplasia]] |
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| + | Hypoplasia may also occur in single teeth following damage to the permanent tooth germ, for example if a deciduous tooth is fractured or extracted without care. The damaged ameloblasts will fail to form enamel and abnormalities will be evident. |
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| + | == Clinical Signs == |
| + | In ruminants, one will see a chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of the [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]], due to enamel hypoplasia. There is usually no difficulty in mastication detected and the animal is clinically well. |
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| + | In dogs, enamel hypoplasia may result in severe discoloration or pitting of a tooth or teeth due to the effect on [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology#Enamel|enamel]] formation. |
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| + | == Diagnosis == |
| + | Clinical signs are diagnostic, plus history e.g. of CDV in dogs, fluoride in cattle. |
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| + | == Treatment and Control == |
| + | There is no treatment for this condition. Control measures are prevention of the causes of the disease, e.g. vaccination against CDV and prevention of fluoride poisoning in cattle. |
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| + | If only a single tooth is affected, restorative treatment can be performed using dental composites or a metal-alloy jacket crown. |
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| + | {{Learning |
| + | |Vetstream = [https://www.vetstream.com/canis/search?s=Odontodystrophy Odontodystrophy] |
| + | |flashcards = [[Veterinary Dentistry Q&A 13]] |
| + | }} |
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| + | == References == |
| + | Tutt, C., Deeprose, J. and Crossley, D. (2007) '''BSAVA Manual of Canine and Feline Dentistry''' (3rd Edition), ''British Small Animal Veterinary Association.'' |
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| + | Williams, A (2008) '''Alimentary System Study Guide,''''' Royal Veterinary College.'' |
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| + | Verstraete, F. (1999) '''Self-assessment colour review in Veterinary Dentistry''' ''Manson Publishing'' |
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| + | {{review}} |
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| + | {{OpenPages}} |
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− | ====In ruminants:====
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− | *Damage to [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]] formation most often caused by fluoride poisoning.
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− | *Seen in cattle grazing on pasture contaminated by cement works effluent.
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− | *Chalky mottling and yellow brown pitting of [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|tooth]].
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− | ====In canines:====
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− | [[Image:enamal-hypoplasia.gif|right|thumb|125px|<small>Enamal Hypoplasia Following a CDV infection (Courtesy of Alun Williams (RVC))<center></center></small>]]
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− | Very severe systemic disease early in life / or in utero may result in severe discoloration or pitting of [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]] due to effect on [[Enamel - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel]] formation. (e.g. [[Canine Distemper Virus|distemper in dog]])
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| [[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]] | | [[Category:Teeth - Degenerative Pathology]] |
− | [[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Dog]] | + | [[Category:Dental Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Dental Diseases - Dog]] |
− | [[Category:To_Do_-_Clinical]] | + | [[Category:Expert_Review - Farm Animal]] |