Changes

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Deglutition is the process of swallowing. Food is passed from the [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oral pharynx]] into the oesophageal/[[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal]] [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] whilst the [[epiglottis]] closes across the entrance of the [[Trachea - Anatomy & Physiology|trachea]].

Deglutition is the process of swallowing. Food is passed from the [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oral pharynx]] into the oesophageal/[[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal]] [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] whilst the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Epiglottis|epiglottis]] closes across the entrance of the [[Trachea - Anatomy & Physiology|trachea]].

It is an involuntary reflex preventing food from passing into the [[Trachea - Anatomy & Physiology|trachea]] and thus preventing choking and respiratory pneumonia.

It is an involuntary reflex preventing food from passing into the [[Trachea - Anatomy & Physiology|trachea]] and thus preventing choking and respiratory pneumonia.

==Process==

==Process==

1. [[Mastication|Masticated]] and insalivated food is cupped by the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] on its dorsal surface and the tip of the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] pushes dorsally against the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]]

[[Mastication|Masticated]] and salivated food is cupped by the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] on its dorsal surface and the tip of the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] pushes dorsally against the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]].

2. The jaws are closed. The mylohyoid, hyoglossal and stylohyoid mucles raises the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and pushes the bolus into the [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. When the food touches the pharyngeal mucosa the swallowing reflex is initiated.

The jaws are closed. The '''mylohyoid''', '''hyoglossal''' and '''stylohyoid''' mucles raise the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] and push the bolus into the [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]]. When the food touches the pharyngeal mucosa, the swallowing reflex is initiated.

3. [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|Oropharynx]] relaxes and [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] elevated by the levator velli palatini muscle. Pharyngeopalatine arch closes by palatopharyngeus.

The [[Oropharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|oropharynx]] relaxes and the [[Soft Palate|soft palate]] is elevated by the '''levator velli palatini''' muscle. The '''pharyngeopalatine arch''' closes by the '''palatopharyngeus''' action.

4. [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|Hyoid]] moved rostro-dorsally by geniohyoid and pterygopharyngeus contracts bringing common [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] forward to engulf bolus.

The [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid]] is moved rostro-dorsally and the '''pterygopharyngeus''' contracts bringing the common [[Pharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|pharynx]] forward to engulf the bolus. The epiglottis bends back to prevent food entering the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology|larynx]].

The bolus enters the [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] and the [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] relaxes. The bolus is passed on down the [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] by a concentric series of contractions by each set of contractor muscle in turn called peristalsis. The '''pharyngeopalatine arch''' reopens and the [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid]] moves back by the  geniohyoid. The glottis reopens.

 

6. Bolus enters [[Larynx - Anatomy & Physiology#Laryngeal Pharynx|laryngeal pharynx]] and [[Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] relaxes. Bolus is passed on down [[Oesophagus - Anatomy & Physiology|oesophagus]] by a concentric series of contractions by each set of contractor muscle in turn called [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peristalsis| peristalsis]

 

7. Pharyngeopalatine arch reopens, [[Hyoid Apparatus - Anatomy & Physiology|hyoid]] moves back by geniohyoid and glottis reopens.

==Links==

==Links==

[[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology]]

'''Click here for more information on [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology]]'''

 

[[Category:Feeding Control]]

[[Category:Feeding Control]]