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Interventional Agents (view source)
Revision as of 18:09, 8 September 2010
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==Dopamine==
==Dopamine==
Dopamine is a noradrenaline precursor which acts on both α and β cardiac receptors, as well as dopaminergic receptors found peripherally. It is a positive inotrope. It is very similar to dobutamine in action. It should be administered via a continuous rate infusion. It is used short term for patients with systolic dysfunction as well as management of oliguric renal failure. It can be used as a pressor agent to help treat inappropriate hypotension in concious and anaesthetised patients.
Dopamine is a noradrenaline precursor which acts on both α and β cardiac receptors, as well as dopaminergic receptors found peripherally. It is a positive inotrope. It is very similar to dobutamine in action. It should be administered via a continuous rate infusion. It is used short term for patients with systolic dysfunction as well as management of oliguric renal failure. It can be used as a pressor agent to help treat inappropriate hypotension in concious and anaesthetised patients.
*[[Ephedrine]]
==Ephedrine==
'''Ephedrine''' has the same action as epinephrine but has slightly different properties. It is similar to amphetamines in that ephedrine causes noradrenaline release leading to catecholaminergic receptor stimulation. Ephedrine has a lower potency but longer duration of action when compared with epinephrine. It also has more pronounced CNS effects.
===Contraindications and Side Effects===
*Irritability
*Tachycardia
*Hypertension
*Anorexia
*Avoid in patients with severe cardiovascular disease
*Caution in patients diabetes mellitus, hyperthyroidism, prostatic hypertrophy and glaucoma.
===Indications===
Ephedrine can be used to increase the tone of the bladder spincter in cases of urinary incontinance; it can also be used as a bronchoconstrictor as well as a pressor agent for shock patients.
*[[Phenylephrine]]
*[[Phenylephrine]]
==Vasopressin==
==Vasopressin==
Vasopressin is a non-catecholamine vasopressor. It is a hypothalamic hormone found in the posterior pituitary. It promotes the renal reabsorption fo water as well as smooth muscle contraction particularly of capillaries and small arterioles. This smooth muscle contraction may lead to decreased blood flow to systems but increased hepatic blood flow. Vasporessin is indicated in patients with vasodilatory shock or ventricular fibrillation. However, possible side effects include vasconstriction and arrhythmias. It should be avoided in patients with vascular disease, history of seizures, heart failure, asthma or pregnant patients.
Vasopressin is a non-catecholamine vasopressor. It is a hypothalamic hormone found in the posterior pituitary. It promotes the renal reabsorption fo water as well as smooth muscle contraction particularly of capillaries and small arterioles. This smooth muscle contraction may lead to decreased blood flow to systems but increased hepatic blood flow. Vasporessin is indicated in patients with vasodilatory shock or ventricular fibrillation. However, possible side effects include vasconstriction and arrhythmias. It should be avoided in patients with vascular disease, history of seizures, heart failure, asthma or pregnant patients.