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Interventional Agents (view source)
Revision as of 18:10, 8 September 2010
, 18:10, 8 September 2010→Indications
Ephedrine can be used to increase the tone of the bladder spincter in cases of urinary incontinance; it can also be used as a bronchoconstrictor as well as a pressor agent for shock patients.
Ephedrine can be used to increase the tone of the bladder spincter in cases of urinary incontinance; it can also be used as a bronchoconstrictor as well as a pressor agent for shock patients.
*[[Phenylephrine]]
==Phenylephrine==
Phenylephrine is an α adrenergic sympathomimetic used to treat hypotension without cardiac stimulation. Due to metabolism in the gastrointestinal tract, it is available in an injectable form. It acts by causing peripheral vasoconstriction leading to an increase in blood pressure, both systolic and diastolic. However, a reflex bradycardia may be seen. There is a increase in coronary blood flow.
It is used to treat hypotension caused by a number of factors including barbituate anaesthesia, and has diagnostic opthlamic uses also. If administered intravenously onset is almost immediate, and duration of action is approximately 20 minutes, while if administered intramuscularly onset of action is approximately 10-15 minutes with a duration of action approximately 1 hour.
===Contraindications===
*Hypertension
*Ventricular Tachycardia
*Geratric patients
*Pregnant patients - causes uterine contraction.
==Vasopressin==
==Vasopressin==
Vasopressin is a non-catecholamine vasopressor. It is a hypothalamic hormone found in the posterior pituitary. It promotes the renal reabsorption fo water as well as smooth muscle contraction particularly of capillaries and small arterioles. This smooth muscle contraction may lead to decreased blood flow to systems but increased hepatic blood flow. Vasporessin is indicated in patients with vasodilatory shock or ventricular fibrillation. However, possible side effects include vasconstriction and arrhythmias. It should be avoided in patients with vascular disease, history of seizures, heart failure, asthma or pregnant patients.
Vasopressin is a non-catecholamine vasopressor. It is a hypothalamic hormone found in the posterior pituitary. It promotes the renal reabsorption fo water as well as smooth muscle contraction particularly of capillaries and small arterioles. This smooth muscle contraction may lead to decreased blood flow to systems but increased hepatic blood flow. Vasporessin is indicated in patients with vasodilatory shock or ventricular fibrillation. However, possible side effects include vasconstriction and arrhythmias. It should be avoided in patients with vascular disease, history of seizures, heart failure, asthma or pregnant patients.