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==Introduction==

| Also known as:

A disease of cattle and sheep caused by ''Clostridium haemolyticum'' (also known as ''Clostridium novyi'' type D) a bacteria from the class [[:Category:Clostridium species|''Clostridia'']]. ''C. haemolyticum'' is found in soil, poorly drained/wet pastures and is highly fatal to livestock. The bacteria produces a beta toxin which causes hepatic necrosis and intravascular haemolysis. Destruction of [[Erythrocytes|red blood cells]] results in haemoglobinuria.

| '''Red Water'''

|}

Often associated with a disease in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] that causes anaerobic conditions allowing the growth of bacteria and hence toxin production. Endospores are dormant within the liver and germination is triggered by damage to the tissue. The damage to the liver is frequently caused by [[Fasciola hepatica|liver fluke]].  

A disease of cattle and sheep caused by ''[[Clostridium haemolyticum]]'' (also known as ''Clostridium novyi'' type D) a bacteria from the class [[:Category:Clostridium species|''Clostridia'']]. ''C. haemolyticum'' is found in soil, poorly drained/wet pastures and is highly fatal to livestock. The bacteria produces a beta toxin which causes hepatic necrosis and intravascular haemolysis. Often associated with a disease in the [[Liver - Anatomy & Physiology|liver]] that causes anaerobic conditions allowing the growth of bacteria and hence toxin production. The damage to the liver is frequently caused by [[Fasciola hepatica|liver fluke]].

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

==Pathology==

==Pathology==

Post mortem findings include rapid decomposition of the carcass, organs are also decomposed with subcutaneous haemorrhages, [[Oedema - Pathology|oedema]] and emphysema present.

Post mortem findings include rapid decomposition of the carcass, organs are also decomposed with subcutaneous haemorrhages, [[Oedema|oedema]] and emphysema present.

Abdominal and thoracic fluid are blood stained and a large quantity will be in the [[Heart Structure - Anatomy & Physiology#Pericardium |pericardium]].

Abdominal and thoracic fluid are blood stained and a large quantity will be in the [[Heart Structure - Anatomy & Physiology#Pericardium |pericardium]].

The animal is severely anaemic and may be jaundiced.

The animal is severely anaemic and may be jaundiced.

Red urine in the [[Urinary Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|bladder]], and the [[Urinary System - Anatomy & Physiology#Upper Urinary System|kidneys]] will be speckled with haemoglobin.

Red urine in the [[Urinary Bladder - Anatomy & Physiology|bladder]], and the [[Urinary System Overview - Anatomy & Physiology#Upper Urinary System|kidneys]] will be speckled with haemoglobin.

There is usually a single large necrotic focus in the liver that is sometimes partially liquefied in the centre, and an irregular outline with a hyperaemic edge.

There is usually a single large necrotic focus in the liver that is sometimes partially liquefied in the centre, and an irregular outline with a hyperaemic edge.

==Prognosis==

==Prognosis==

Often fatal.

Often fatal.

==References==

==References==

[[Category:Cattle]][[Category:Sheep]][[Category:Hepatitis,_Bacterial]]

[[Category:To_Do_-_Caz]]

[[Category:Liver Diseases - Cattle]][[Category:Liver Diseases - Sheep]][[Category:Hepatitis,_Bacterial]]

 

[[Category:Lymphoreticular and Haematopoietic Diseases - Cattle]]

[[Category:Expert_Review]]

[[Category:Brian Aldridge reviewing]]