Changes

===UlcerativeEndocarditis===

===UlcerativeEndocarditis===

Commonly seen along with renal failure in dogs.

Commonly seen along with renal failure in dogs.Uraemia irritates and damages the endocarium, particularly in the left atrium.  Oedema is seen in the subendocardial tissue with deposition of glycosaminoglycans. This may progress to a necrotising endocarditis and, in extreme cases, left atrial rupture. If renal sufficieny is re-established then healing of the endocardial lesion is possible.

Uraemia irritates and damages the endocarium, particularly in the left atrium.  Oedema is seen in the sunendocardial tissue with deposition of glycosaminoglycans.

==Species differences==

*Cattle: predominantly affects the tricuspid valve, perhaps due to bacteria arising in the GI tract and liver. COmmon underlying causes include Liver abcesses, traumatic reticulitis, metritis, mastitis, navel ancesses and 'joint ill'. Congestive right sided failure is manifested as ascites (including '''bottle jaw''') and embolisation to the lungs.  Anaemia is often present as the red blood cells are damaged as they pass through the vegetation.

 

*Horse: Lesions occur mainly on the mitral valve. The site of sepsis is often not identified but may be a sequale to septic jugular thrombophlembitis.  

 

*Pig and dog: Lesions occur particularly on the mitral valve (71% of cases in dogs), perhaps due to the higher pressure blood flow on the left side of the heart leading to more valvular damage.  Left sided heart failure and pulmonary oedema are seen clinically, as are emboli in various organs, particularly the kidney.

 

 

''Species differences:''

*Cattle: predominantly affects the tricuspid valve, perhaps due to bacteria arising in the GI tract and liver. Congestive right sided failure is manifested as ascites (including '''bottle jaw''') and embolisation to the lungs.  Anaemia is often present as the red blood cells are damaged as they pass through the vegetation.

*Pig and dog: Lesions occur particularly on the mitral valve, perhaps due to the higher pressure blood flow on the left side of the heart leading to more valvular damage.  Left sided heart failure and pulmonary oedema are seen clinically, as are emboli in various organs, particularly the kidney.

*Valve tissue ageing.

*Valve tissue ageing.

*Avascularity of valves; poor healing capacity.

*Avascularity of valves; poor healing capacity.

*Tissue exposure; constant contact with blood-borne pathogens.

*Tissue exposure; constant contact with blood-borne

 

==Signalment==

==Signalment==

==Clinical Signs==

==Clinical Signs==