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Artificial Insemination - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 15:23, 29 November 2010
, 15:23, 29 November 2010Text replace - "-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology" to "- Anatomy & Physiology"
== Semen Evaluation ==
== Semen Evaluation ==
* Determine [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]] volume.
* Determine [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]] volume.
* Estimate the percentage displaying progressive motility (linear motion) at 37◦C.
* Estimate the percentage displaying progressive motility (linear motion) at 37◦C.
* Determine sperm concentration.
* Determine sperm concentration.
== Seminal Extenders ==
== Seminal Extenders ==
* Extend the number of sperm in the original [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]].
* Extend the number of sperm in the original [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]].
* Extend the life of sperm.
* Extend the life of sperm.
* Must be '''isotonic'''
* Must be '''isotonic'''
* Success rate is 70% from a single insemination (same as natural service)
* Success rate is 70% from a single insemination (same as natural service)
* Farmers inseminate the herd themselves.
* Farmers inseminate the herd themselves.
* A hand is used to grasp the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] of the cow and a delivery pipette is inserted through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] into the uterine body which is felt with the index finger.
* A hand is used to grasp the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] of the cow and a delivery pipette is inserted through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] into the uterine body which is felt with the index finger.
* Allows further advance of the semen than natural insemination would reach ([[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|anterior vagina]]).
* Allows further advance of the semen than natural insemination would reach ([[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_- Anatomy & Physiology|anterior vagina]]).
* Only 2-8 million live sperm are required in the semen to achieve fertility in cattle.
* Only 2-8 million live sperm are required in the semen to achieve fertility in cattle.
=== Sheep ===
=== Sheep ===
* The ewe has a convex [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] with overlapping folds. Insemination is into the internal os of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]].
* The ewe has a convex [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] with overlapping folds. Insemination is into the internal os of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]].
* 0.25 ml or less is delivered by pipette.
* 0.25 ml or less is delivered by pipette.
* 70-75% conception rate is achieved with fresh semen, but only 5-15% with frozen semen due to the site of delivery being so far from the site of [[Fertilisation%2C_Implantation_and_Early_Embryonic_Development_-Fertilisation-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|fertilization]].
* 70-75% conception rate is achieved with fresh semen, but only 5-15% with frozen semen due to the site of delivery being so far from the site of [[Fertilisation%2C_Implantation_and_Early_Embryonic_Development_-Fertilisation- Anatomy & Physiology|fertilization]].
* Minimum volume 25-50ml
* Minimum volume 25-50ml
* Normally 80ml is delivered through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] to reach the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterus]] by gravitational flow.
* Normally 80ml is delivered through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] to reach the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_- Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] by gravitational flow.
* Uses 2-3 billion sperm per insemination (60 billion in a normal ejaculate), so is relatively inefficient only giving ~20 inseminations per [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]].
* Uses 2-3 billion sperm per insemination (60 billion in a normal ejaculate), so is relatively inefficient only giving ~20 inseminations per [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_- Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]].
[[Image:AI Mare.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Artificial Insemination of the Mare</p><sup>© L.Wilkie 2008</sup>]]
[[Image:AI Mare.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Artificial Insemination of the Mare</p><sup>© L.Wilkie 2008</sup>]]
* Gloved, lubricated hand is inserted directly into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]].
* Gloved, lubricated hand is inserted directly into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_- Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]].
* Index finger is used to guide the insemination pipette into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervical lumen]].
* Index finger is used to guide the insemination pipette into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervical lumen]].
* Marker used to guage the depth of insemination.
* Marker used to guage the depth of insemination.
[[Image:AI Bitch.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Artificial Insemination of the Bitch</p><sup>© L.Wilkie 2008</sup>]]
[[Image:AI Bitch.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Artificial Insemination of the Bitch</p><sup>© L.Wilkie 2008</sup>]]
* Vulva is elevated manually so that the ventral 'tilt' of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vestibule]] is removed.
* Vulva is elevated manually so that the ventral 'tilt' of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_- Anatomy & Physiology|vestibule]] is removed.
* Allows the insemination pipette to be inserted with relative ease.
* Allows the insemination pipette to be inserted with relative ease.
* Hindquarters of the bitch should be elevated for ~5 minutes after deposition of the semen to allow pooling in the anterior [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]] and caudal [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]].
* Hindquarters of the bitch should be elevated for ~5 minutes after deposition of the semen to allow pooling in the anterior [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_- Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]] and caudal [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_- Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]].
[[Category:Reproductive System]]
[[Category:Reproductive System]]