Ehrlichia canis

Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis

• Generalised disease of dogs in tropical and subtropical regions
• Caused by Ehrlichia canis
• The brown tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus, is the main vector
• Dogs may carry the organism for 2 years after resolution of clinical signs

• Clinical signs
  • Incubation period of 3 weeks
  • Acute, subclinical or chronic phases
  • Acute phase: fever, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and anaemia
  • Subclinical phase: low blood cell numbers but minimal clinical signs; can progress to a severe disease, tropical canine pancytopenia
  • Chronic phase: bone marrow depression, haemorrhages, neurological disease, peripheral oedema, emaciation and hypotensive shock

• Diagnosis
  • E. canis morulae present in mononuclear cells in Giemsa-stained blood smears
  • Rising antibody titre detected by indirect immunofluorescence
  • Culture in canine macrophages

• Treatment and control
  • Doxycycline for 10 days
  • Fluid therapy or blood transfusion
  • Prophylactic tetracyclines

Literature Search

Use these links to find recent scientific publications via CAB Abstracts (log in required unless accessing from a subscribing organisation).


Update on canine ehrlichiosis/anaplasmosis and rocky mountain spotted fever. Birkenheuer, A.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 639-640 - Full Text Article

Tick-borne disease testing: canine erhlichiosis and anaplasmosis. Alleman, R.; The North American Veterinary Conference, Gainesville, USA, Small animal and exotics. Proceedings of the North American Veterinary Conference, Orlando, Florida, USA, 17-21 January, 2009, 2009, pp 629-631 - Full Text Article

Recent concepts in diagnosis of canine ehrlichiosis. Bindu Lakshmanan; Lalitha John; Intas Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Ahmedabad, India, Intas Polivet, 2007, 8, 1, pp 124-127, 30 ref. - Full Text Article

Canine ehrlichiosis - a review. Kafil Hussain; Soodan, J. S.; Neelesh Sharma; Upadhyay, S. R.; North-East Veterinarian, Guwahati, India, North-East Veterinarian, 2006, 6, 2, pp 18-20, 13 ref. - Full Text Article