Sheep Medicine Q&A 05

This question was provided by Manson Publishing as part of the OVAL Project. See more [[:Category:{{{book}}}|{{{book}}}]].

A farmer complains of severe skin lesions on the muzzle and lips of approximately 25% of 120 6-month-old lambs, 10–14 days after movement on to pastures containing large numbers of thistles (site of special scientific interest). The skin is oedematous with serous exudation and superficial pus accumulation, has become desiccated, forming hard scabs separated by deep fissures. Careful removal of a scab reveals a deep bed of exuberant granulation tissue. Scab material narrowing the nostrils causes dyspnoea with stertor and abdominal breathing in some lambs.

Question	Answer		Article
What conditions would you consider? (Most likely first.)	The most likely conditions to consider include: CPD virus (orf, scabby mouth, contagious ecthyma) Dermatophilus congolensis CPD severe dermatophilosis bluetongue sheep pox (not in UK)		[[|Link to Article]]
What treatments would you administer?	Intramuscular procaine penicillin for 5–7 consecutive days and topical antibiotic spray should be used to control the superficial secondary bacterial infection. There is limited evidence that levamisole (2.5mg/kg injected subcutaneously every 3–4 days) speeds up remission of orf lesions. Protective clothing and gloves must be worn when handling sheep with orf because of the zoonotic risk. Animals should be removed from this pasture and isolated from the main flock.		[[|Link to Article]]
What samples would you collect?	CPD virus can be demonstrated by direct electron microscopy of fresh lesions. Bacteriology of the skin lesions is of doubtful benefit.		[[|Link to Article]]
What preventive measures could be considered for next year?	Orf vaccine must never be used in a clean flock. The timing of vaccination is approximately 6 weeks before the anticipated occurrence of disease. Care must be exercised during handling the live vaccine as it is affected by high temperatures and inactivated by disinfectants.		[[|Link to Article]]