Elbow Muscles - Horse Anatomy

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Extensors

Triceps brachii

Innervation: Radial n. from the brachial plexus
It has three heads:
Origin:
Long head: Caudal margin of the scapula
Lateral and Medial heads: Shaft of the humerus (lateral and medial aspects, respectively)
Insertion: Olecranon, proteced by the tricipital bursa against the bone, and subcutaneous bursa against the skin
Action: Extends and stabilizes the elbow

Tensor fasciae antebrachii

Innervation: Radial n. from the brachial plexus
Overlies the triceps extending from the scapula to the olecranon
Origin: Caudal border of the scapula
Insertion:Antebrachial fascia
Action: Tenses antibrachial fascia and extends the elbow

Anconeus

Innervation: Radial n. from the brachial plexus
Origin: Distal humerus and olecranon fossa,deep to the triceps
Insertion: Lateral olecranon, joining the lateral head of the triceps
Action: Extends the elbow

Flexors

Biceps brachii

Innervation: Musculocutaneous n. from the brachial plexus
Origin: Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Insertion: Distally, the muscle divides into a medial and lateral portion.
Medial - Medial tuberosity on the proximal radius
Lateral - Proximal radius and ulna
It runs through the intertubercular groove of the humerus facilitated by the bicipital bursa.
Action: Flexes the elbow, extends and stabilises the shoulder during the stance phase

Brachialis

Innervation: Musculocutaneous n. from the brachial plexus
Origin: Proximocaudal humerus
Insertion: Spirals to insert next to biceps on the medial radius
Action: Flexes the elbow