Forelimb - Anatomy & Physiology
Revision as of 16:42, 13 August 2008 by Bepocock (talk | contribs) (→Common structures of the Proximal Forelimb and Shoulder)
Common structures of the Proximal Forelimb and Shoulder
- ScapulaThe Scapula forms the basis of the shoulder region, providing points of attachment of extrinsic and intrinsic muscles. It is held in place by a synsarcosis of muscles and does not form a conventional articulation with the trunk.
- In ungulates, the dorsal border is extended by a scapular cartilage, which enlarges the area for muscle attachment. This ossifies with age.
- The bone is roughly triangular, with a prominent spine that can be palpated through the skin
- The spine defines Infraspinous and Supraspinous Fossae, inhabited by muscles accordingly
- The spine serves as a point of attachment for the trapezius muscle
- The spine culminates in the acromion in all but the horse and pig
- Medial muscle attachment comprises mostly of the subscapularis, with the serratus ventralis attaching dorsally
- The Scapula articulates with the Humerus at the Glenoid cavity
Joints of the Proximal Forelimb
Common Structures of the Distal Forelimb
Joints of the Distal Forelimb
Muscles of the Forelimb
- Extrinsic Musculature
- Deep Musculature
- Muscles of the Elbow
- Muscles of Supination and Pronation
- Muscles of the Carpal and Digital Joints