Alpha-2 Agonists

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Alpha-2 agonists have sedative, anxiolytic and analgesic effects.

Mechanism of Action

Alpha-2 agonists act on alpha-2 adrenoreceptors, and mimic the effects of the actual ligand binding. The sedative and anxiolytic effects arise from this process leading to pre-synaptic inhibition of noradrenaline release.

Actions

Alpha-2 agonists have a wide range of actions, due to the presence of alpha-2 receptors throughout the body. The actions most useful pharmacologically are sedation, anxiolysis and analgesia. The drugs also have a huge anaesthetic sparing effect, reducing MAC by 50-95%. They also give muscle relaxtion.

Other systems affected by alpha-2 agonists include:

  • Cardiovascular System
  • Respiratory System
  • Gastrointestinal Tract
  • Endocrine System
  • Urogenital Tract

Side Effects and Contraindications

Drugs in this Group

Xylazine

Detomidine

Medetomidine

Romifidine