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− | *Contagious porcine pleuropneumonia especially of pigs under 6 months | + | *[[Contagious Porcine Pleuropneumonia]] especially of pigs under 6 months |
| *Endemic in UK | | *Endemic in UK |
| *12 serotypes causing the same disease | | *12 serotypes causing the same disease |
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| ***Different ''Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia'' serotypes secrete a particular combination of toxins; American serotypes secrete ApxI and II; European serotypes secrete ApxII and III | | ***Different ''Actinobacillus pleuropneumonia'' serotypes secrete a particular combination of toxins; American serotypes secrete ApxI and II; European serotypes secrete ApxII and III |
| ***Toxins introduce pores into cell membranes | | ***Toxins introduce pores into cell membranes |
− | *Clinical signs and epidemiology:
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− | **Acute disease in susceptible herds with high morbidity and mortality (up to 50%)
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− | **In acute outbreaks, pigs may be dyspnoeic, pyrexic or anorexic
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− | **Blood-stained froth surrounding nose and mouth
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− | **Cyanosis
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− | **Pregnant sows abort
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− | **Causes [[Respiratory Bacterial Infections - Pathology#Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae|pneumonia]] in pigs
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− | **Carrier herds have some immunity, protecting from acute disease, where lesions are often subclinical, and deaths sporadic
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− | **Lung scarring and pleural adhesions in many recovered animals
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− | **Solid immunity develops in recovered animals to all serotypes
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− | **The disease is spread between herds by carrier pigs
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− | *Diagnosis:
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− | **Haemorrhagic consolidation close to the main bronchi and fibrinous pleuritis may be suggestive
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− | **Specimens are cultured on chocolate agar and blood agar in 5-10% carbon dioxide for 2-3 days
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− | **Small colonies surrounded by clear haemolysis
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− | **No growth on MacConkey agar
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− | **Positive CAMP reaction with ''[[Staphylococcus aureus]]''
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− | **Most strains are NAD-dependent (grow on Heated Blood agar)
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− | **Immunofluorescent- or PCR-based techniques
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− | **The bacteria on the [[Tonsils - Anatomy & Physiology#Palatine|palatine tonsil]] may remain undetected by serological tests and swabbing, and can therefore cause an outbreak in naive pigs
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− | *Treatment:
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− | **Antibiotics depending on the strain of bacteria
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− | **Prophylactic antibiotics for in-contact pigs
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− | *Control:
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− | **Killed and polyvalent bacterin vaccines as well as a subunit vaccine are available
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− | **Improve ventilation, avoid chilling and overcrowding
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| [[Category:Actinobacillus_species]][[Category:Pig]] | | [[Category:Actinobacillus_species]][[Category:Pig]] |
| + | [[Category:To_Do_-_Bacteria]] |