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==Introduction==

==Introduction==

''A.suis'' is a beta-haemolytic Gram-negative bacterium.  Strains of ''A.Suis'' vary due to differences in their lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which is known as the 'O' antigen and is referred to as O1,O2 and O3 and capsules (CPS), called 'K' antigen with variants described as K1, K2 and K3. More than 95% of A. suis clinical isolates are cross-reactive with O1/K1 or O2/K3 antiserum and more severe infection were noted with O2/K2 srain <ref name="Slavic et al., 2000">Slavic, D., DeLay, J., Hayes, M.A., MacInnes, J.I.(2000) '''Comparative pathogenicity of different Actinobacillus suis O/K serotypes'''. ''Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research'', 64(2):81-87.</ref>.  The bacteria causes Actinobacillosis in [[Actinobacillosis - Pig| pigs]],  [[Actinobacillus equuli| horses]],[[Actinobacillosis - Cattle| cattle]] and can infect [[Actinobacillus suis#signalment| various other species.

''A.suis'' is a beta-haemolytic Gram-negative bacterium.  Strains of ''A.Suis'' vary due to differences in their lipopolysaccharides (LPS), which is known as the 'O' antigen and is referred to as O1,O2 and O3 and capsules (CPS), called 'K' antigen with variants described as K1, K2 and K3. More than 95% of A. suis clinical isolates are cross-reactive with O1/K1 or O2/K3 antiserum and more severe infection were noted with O2/K2 srain <ref name="Slavic et al., 2000">Slavic, D., DeLay, J., Hayes, M.A., MacInnes, J.I.(2000) '''Comparative pathogenicity of different Actinobacillus suis O/K serotypes'''. ''Canadian Journal of Veterinary Research'', 64(2):81-87.</ref>.  This opportunistic bacteria causes Actinobacillosis in [[Actinobacillosis - Pig| pigs]],  and has been linked to septicaemia, acute haemorrhagic pulmonary infarction and necrotizing pneumonia in horses, airsaculitis in waterfowl, neonatal calf pneumonia and localised infections and polyarthritis in alpacas. [[Actinobacillus equuli| horses]],[[Actinobacillosis - Cattle| cattle]] and can infect [[Actinobacillus suis#signalment| various other species.

''A.suis'' have genes that encode toxins similar to apxI and apxII of [[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae| ''A. pleuropneumoniae'']], but they are less virulent.  Once an animal is infected with ''A.suis'' it can provide partial cross protection against ''A. pleuropneumoniae''.  

''A.suis'' have genes that encode toxins similar to apxI and apxII of [[Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae| ''A. pleuropneumoniae'']], but they are less virulent.  Once an animal is infected with ''A.suis'' it can provide partial cross protection against ''A. pleuropneumoniae''.