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==Overview==
==Overview==
The adaptive and [[Innate Immune System|innate responses]] work together to destroy bacteria. The adaptive response ensures the [[Innate Immune System|innate response]] is carried out efficiently. There are two major branches of the adaptive immune response, humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
The adaptive and [[Innate Immune System|innate responses]] work together to destroy bacteria. The adaptive response ensures the [[Innate Immune System|innate response]] is carried out efficiently. There are two major branches of the adaptive immune response, humoral immunity and cell-mediated immunity.
[[File:Adaptive Immunity to Extracellular Bacteria.png|thumb|right|300px|Adaptive Immunity to Extracellular Bacteria - R.J.Francis, RVC 2012]]
==Humoral==
==Humoral==
==Cell-Mediated==
==Cell-Mediated==
Cell-mediated immunity provides help for macrophages. It includes [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] production (T-helper type II cells and [[Lymphocytes#B Cells|B cells]]), which improves phagocytosis by opsonisation. Infected [[Macrophages|macrophages]] are rescued by T-helper type I cells when phagocytosis and digestion mechanisms fail to eliminate the pathogen.
Cell-mediated immunity provides help for macrophages. It includes [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]] production (through T-helper type II (T<sub>H</sub>2) cell interaction with [[Lymphocytes#B Cells|B cells]]), which improves phagocytosis by opsonisation. Infected [[Macrophages|macrophages]] are rescued by T-helper type I (T<sub>H</sub>1) cells when phagocytosis and digestion mechanisms fail to eliminate the pathogen.
==Extracellular Infection==
==Extracellular Infection==
The response to extracellular infection involves [[Complement|complement]] and phagocytosis; [[Lymphocytes#B Cells|B cell]] and T helper type II cell stimulation and the production of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]], which activates the classical cascade. There is also class switching of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] to [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]], which is a good opsonin and targets bacterial Fcγ receptor expressed by [[Macrophages|macrophages]] and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].
The response to extracellular infection involves [[Complement|complement]] and phagocytosis; [[Lymphocytes#B Cells|B cell]] and T<sub>H</sub>2 cell stimulation and the production of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]], which activates the classical cascade. T<sub>H</sub>17 stimulation also enhances extravasation of [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]] to the area to clear the pathogen. There is also class switching of [[Immunoglobulin M|IgM]] to [[Immunoglobulin G|IgG]], which is a good opsonin and targets bacterial Fcγ receptor expressed by [[Macrophages|macrophages]] and [[Neutrophils|neutrophils]].
==Vesicular Infection==
==Vesicular Infection==
<big>'''Also see [[Immunity to Bacteria]]'''</big>
<big>'''Also see [[Immunity to Bacteria]]'''</big>
[[File:Adaptive Immunity to Intracellular Bacteria.png|thumb|right|300px|Adaptive Immunity to Vesicular Bacteria - R.J.Francis, RVC 2012]]
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{{Jim Bee 2007}}
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[[Category:Adaptive Immune System]]
[[Category:Adaptive Immune System]]