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==Introduction==
==Introduction==
The virus genome is contained within a non-enveloped icosohedral nucleocapsid, which comprises capsomeres (called hexons) and twelve vertex capsomeres (called pentons). A fibre antigen protrudes from each of the twelve pentons, and this attaches to host cell receptors as well as being a type-specific haemagglutinin. This fibre antigen is a feature specific to the Adenoviridae. The hexon of mammalian adenoviruses contains a cross-reacting group antigen.
The virus genome is contained within a non-enveloped icosohedral nucleocapsid, which comprises capsomeres (called hexons) and twelve vertex capsomeres (called pentons). A fibre antigen protrudes from each of the twelve pentons, and this attaches to host cell receptors as well as being a type-specific haemagglutinin. This fibre antigen is a feature specific to the Adenoviridae. The hexon of mammalian adenoviruses contains a cross-reacting group antigen.
==Replication==
==Replication==
The virus replication process is divided to the early and late phases, which are separated by DNA replication. Genes transcribed in the early phase are are responsible for producing non-structural, regulatory proteins. These regulatory proteins control the expression of host proteins necessary for DNA synthesis, activate other virus genes and help prevent death of the infected cell by host immune defences. Once the early genes prepared virus proteins, replication machinery and replication substrates, the adenovirus genome is able to replicate. A protein covalently bound to the 5’ end of the adenovirus genome acts as a primer, and the viral DNA polymerase then uses a strand displacement mechanism for replication. The late phase of the adenovirus life cycle produces structural proteins in which to pack the new genetic material. The virus can then be release from the cell by lysis.
The virus replication process is divided to the early and late phases, which are separated by DNA replication. Genes transcribed in the early phase are are responsible for producing non-structural, regulatory proteins. These regulatory proteins control the expression of host proteins necessary for DNA synthesis, activate other virus genes and help prevent death of the infected cell by host immune defences. Once the early genes prepared virus proteins, replication machinery and replication substrates, the adenovirus genome is able to replicate. A protein covalently bound to the 5’ end of the adenovirus genome acts as a primer, and the viral DNA polymerase then uses a strand displacement mechanism for replication. The late phase of the adenovirus life cycle produces structural proteins in which to pack the new genetic material. The virus can then be release from the cell by lysis.
==Transmission==
Adenoviruses are stable to chemical and physical agents and adverse pH conditions, allowing for prolonged survival outside of the body. Aerosol transmission in respiratory droplets is the primary route of spread, but faeco-oral transmission is also possible.
==References==
==References==
#Meier and Greber, U F (2004) Adenovirus endocytosis. ''The Journal of Gene Medicine'', '''6''', S152–S163.
#Meier and Greber, U F (2004) Adenovirus endocytosis. ''The Journal of Gene Medicine'', '''6''', S152–S163.
[[Category:Adenoviridae]][[Category:To Do - Lizzie]]
[[Category:Adenoviridae]] [[Category:To Do - Lizzie]] [[Category:To Do - Review]]