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− | {{toplink
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− | |backcolour =EED2EE
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− | |linkpage =Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology
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− | |linktext =Reproductive System
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− | |maplink = Reproductive System (Content Map) - Anatomy & Physiology
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− | |pagetype =Anatomy
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− | |sublink1=Reproductive System - Anatomy & Physiology#Reproductive Technologies
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− | |subtext1=REPRODUCTIVE TECHNOLOGIES
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− | }}
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− | <br>
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| [[Image:Artificial Insemination pig.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Artificial Insemination of the Sow</p><sup>Courtesy of Proff.Watson ©RVC 2008</sup>]] | | [[Image:Artificial Insemination pig.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Artificial Insemination of the Sow</p><sup>Courtesy of Proff.Watson ©RVC 2008</sup>]] |
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| == Semen Evaluation == | | == Semen Evaluation == |
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− | * Determine [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]] volume. | + | * Determine [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]] volume. |
| * Estimate the percentage displaying progressive motility (linear motion) at 37◦C. | | * Estimate the percentage displaying progressive motility (linear motion) at 37◦C. |
| * Determine sperm concentration. | | * Determine sperm concentration. |
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| == Seminal Extenders == | | == Seminal Extenders == |
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− | * Extend the number of sperm in the original [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]]. | + | * Extend the number of sperm in the original [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]]. |
| * Extend the life of sperm. | | * Extend the life of sperm. |
| * Must be '''isotonic''' | | * Must be '''isotonic''' |
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| * Success rate is 70% from a single insemination (same as natural service) | | * Success rate is 70% from a single insemination (same as natural service) |
| * Farmers inseminate the herd themselves. | | * Farmers inseminate the herd themselves. |
− | * A hand is used to grasp the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] of the cow and a delivery pipette is inserted through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] into the uterine body which is felt with the index finger. | + | * A hand is used to grasp the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] of the cow and a delivery pipette is inserted through the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] into the uterine body which is felt with the index finger. |
− | * Allows further advance of the semen than natural insemination would reach ([[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|anterior vagina]]). | + | * Allows further advance of the semen than natural insemination would reach ([[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|anterior vagina]]). |
| * Only 2-8 million live sperm are required in the semen to achieve fertility in cattle. | | * Only 2-8 million live sperm are required in the semen to achieve fertility in cattle. |
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| === Sheep === | | === Sheep === |
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− | * The ewe has a convex [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] with overlapping folds. Insemination is into the internal os of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]]. | + | * The ewe has a convex [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] with overlapping folds. Insemination is into the internal os of the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]]. |
| * 0.25 ml or less is delivered by pipette. | | * 0.25 ml or less is delivered by pipette. |
− | * 70-75% conception rate is achieved with fresh semen, but only 5-15% with frozen semen due to the site of delivery being so far from the site of [[Fertilisation%2C_Implantation_and_Early_Embryonic_Development_-Fertilisation-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|fertilization]]. | + | * 70-75% conception rate is achieved with fresh semen, but only 5-15% with frozen semen due to the site of delivery being so far from the site of [[Fertilisation - Anatomy & Physiology|fertilization]]. |
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| * Minimum volume 25-50ml | | * Minimum volume 25-50ml |
− | * Normally 80ml is delivered through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] to reach the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterus]] by gravitational flow. | + | * Normally 80ml is delivered through the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] to reach the [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterus]] by gravitational flow. |
− | * Uses 2-3 billion sperm per insemination (60 billion in a normal ejaculate), so is relatively inefficient only giving ~20 inseminations per [[Reproductive_Behaviour_-_Copulatory_Behaviour_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]]. | + | * Uses 2-3 billion sperm per insemination (60 billion in a normal ejaculate), so is relatively inefficient only giving ~20 inseminations per [[Copulatory Behaviour - Anatomy & Physiology#Ejaculation|ejaculate]]. |
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| [[Image:AI Mare.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Artificial Insemination of the Mare</p><sup>© L.Wilkie 2008</sup>]] | | [[Image:AI Mare.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Artificial Insemination of the Mare</p><sup>© L.Wilkie 2008</sup>]] |
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− | * Gloved, lubricated hand is inserted directly into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]]. | + | * Gloved, lubricated hand is inserted directly into the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]]. |
− | * Index finger is used to guide the insemination pipette into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervical lumen]]. | + | * Index finger is used to guide the insemination pipette into the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervical lumen]]. |
| * Marker used to guage the depth of insemination. | | * Marker used to guage the depth of insemination. |
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| [[Image:AI Bitch.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Artificial Insemination of the Bitch</p><sup>© L.Wilkie 2008</sup>]] | | [[Image:AI Bitch.jpg|thumb|right|150px|<p>Artificial Insemination of the Bitch</p><sup>© L.Wilkie 2008</sup>]] |
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− | * Vulva is elevated manually so that the ventral 'tilt' of the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vestibule]] is removed. | + | * Vulva is elevated manually so that the ventral 'tilt' of the [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vestibule]] is removed. |
| * Allows the insemination pipette to be inserted with relative ease. | | * Allows the insemination pipette to be inserted with relative ease. |
− | * Hindquarters of the bitch should be elevated for ~5 minutes after deposition of the semen to allow pooling in the anterior [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Vagina/Vestibule_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|vagina]] and caudal [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]]. | + | * Hindquarters of the bitch should be elevated for ~5 minutes after deposition of the semen to allow pooling in the anterior [[Vagina and Vestibule - Anatomy & Physiology|vagina]] and caudal [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]]. |
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| + | [[Category:Reproductive Technologies]] |
| + | [[Category:Bullet Points]] |