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| align="left" | This question was provided by [[:Category:Manson|Manson Publishing]] as part of the [[OVAL Project]].  See more [[Category: Avian Medicine Q&A|Avian Medicine questions]]

| align="left" | This question was provided by [[:Category:Manson|Manson Publishing]] as part of the [[OVAL Project]].  See more [[:Category: Avian Medicine Q&A|Avian Medicine questions]]

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[[File:Manson avian med 21.jpg|500px|centre]]

[[File:Manson avian med 21.jpg|500px|centre]]

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'''A mitred conure (''Psittacara mitrata'') was presented with a 3 day history of weakness, lethargy and anorexia. The physical examination revealed a moderate reduction of the pectoral muscle mass and slight dyspnoea. The bird

'''A mitred conure (''Psittacara mitrata'') was presented with a 3 day history of weakness, lethargy and anorexia. The physical examination revealed a moderate reduction of the pectoral muscle mass and slight dyspnoea. The bird was weak, but able to perch. A blood profile revealed a mild to moderate leucocytosis at 18.6 × 109 l-1, heterophilia at 17 × 109 l-1 and lymphopenia at 0.93 × 109 l-1.'''

was weak, but able to perch. A blood profile revealed a mild to moderate leucocytosis at 18.6 × 109 l-1, heterophilia

at 17 × 109 l-1 and lymphopenia at 0.93 × 109 l-1.'''

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<FlashCard questions="2">

<FlashCard questions="2">

The heterophil shows increased cytoplasmic basophilia, abnormal cytoplasmic granules that include round, basophilic primary granules. This would be considered a 2+ to 3+ toxicity.  

The heterophil shows increased cytoplasmic basophilia, abnormal cytoplasmic granules that include round, basophilic primary granules. This would be considered a 2+ to 3+ toxicity.  

|l1=

|l1=Heterophils#Toxic Heterophils

|q2= What is the significance of the cell demonstrated in the figure?

|q2= What is the significance of the cell demonstrated in the figure?

|a2= Toxic changes in the heterophils represent the presence of a septicaemic or toxaemic condition, e.g. bacterial toxins.  

|a2= Toxic changes in the heterophils represent the presence of a septicaemic or toxaemic condition, e.g. bacterial toxins.  

Therefore, the presence of numerous heterophils showing signs of marked toxicity represents a severe condition and hence a poor prognosis for survival.

Therefore, the presence of numerous heterophils showing signs of marked toxicity represents a severe condition and hence a poor prognosis for survival.

|l2=

|l2=Heterophils#Toxic Heterophils

</FlashCard>

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[[Category: Avian Medicine Q&A]]

[[Category: Avian Medicine Q&A]]