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[[Image:Kestrel beak.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Beak of a kestrel - Copyright nabrown RVC]]

[[Image:Kestrel beak.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Beak of a kestrel - Copyright nabrown RVC]]

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

In avian species, the [[Lips - Anatomy & Physiology|lips]] and [[Cheeks - Anatomy & Physiology|cheeks]] are replaced by the [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Cutaneous Appendages|beak]].  

In avian species, the [[Lips|lips]] and [[Cheeks|cheeks]] are replaced by the [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Cutaneous Appendages|beak]].  

The [[Skin - Anatomy & Physiology#Cutaneous Appendages|beak]] is an area of dense, horny skin overlying the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Incisive Bone (os ncisivium)|incisive bones]] of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandible]].

The [[Integument of Exotic Species - Anatomy & Physiology#The Beak|beak]] is an area of dense, horny skin overlying the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Incisive Bone (os incisivium)|incisive bones]] of the [[Skull and Facial Muscles - Anatomy & Physiology#Mandible (mandibula)|mandible]].

No modern birds possess [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]], however rudimentary [[Oral Cavity - Teeth & Gingiva - Anatomy & Physiology#Anatomy of the Enamel Organ|enamel organs]] have been discovered in the embryos of some birds.

No modern birds possess [[:Category:Teeth - Anatomy & Physiology|teeth]], however rudimentary [[Tooth - Anatomy & Physiology|enamel organs]] have been discovered in the embryos of some birds.

The size and structure of the avian [[The Avian Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] varies between species; it is related to the functional requirements of each species.

The size and structure of the avian [[Avian Tongue - Anatomy & Physiology|tongue]] varies between species; it is related to the functional requirements of each species.

The avian [[The Avian Hard Palate - Anatomy & Physiology|hard palate]] contains a slit-like opening called the choanal opening which communicates with the [[Nasopharynx - Anatomy & Physiology|nasal pharynx]].  

The [[Avian Hard Palate|avian hard palate]] contains a slit-like opening called the choanal opening which communicates with the nasal pharynx.  

[[Image:Avian Tongue and Oral Cavity.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Avian Tongue - Copyright RVC 2008]]

[[Image:Avian Tongue and Oral Cavity.jpg|thumb|right|150px|Avian Tongue - Copyright RVC 2008]]

==Test yourself with the Avian Alimentary Tract flashcards==

|flashcards = [[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract]]

|OVAM = [http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-4 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 1]<br>[http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-3 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 2]<br>[http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-2 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 3]<br>[http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-1 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 4]<br>[http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-5 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 5]<br>[http://www.onlineveterinaryanatomy.net/content/interactive-avian-anatomy-bucopharyngeal-cavity-0 Avian Interactive Anatomy - Bucopharyngeal Cavity 6]

[[The Avian Alimentary Tract - Anatomy & Physiology - Flashcards|Avian Alimentary Tract Flashcards]]

[[Category:Avian Alimentary System - Anatomy & Physiology]]

[[Category:A&P Done]]