Changes

===Pre-renal azotaemia===

===Pre-renal azotaemia===

This occurs when the kidney receives insufficient oxygen via blood flow to maintain its normal metabolic processes. Conditions that can cause this include:

This occurs when the kidney receives insufficient oxygen via blood flow to maintain its normal metabolic processes. Conditions that can cause this include:

*'''Dehydration/hypovolaemia''', reducing renal blood flow.

*'''Dehydration/hypovolaemia''', which reduces renal blood flow.

*'''Heart failure''' results in a reduced cardiac output, reducing renal blood flow.

*'''Heart failure''' which results in a reduced cardiac output, thereby reducing renal blood flow.

*'''Anaemia''' reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the kidneys.

*'''Anaemia''' reduces the amount of oxygen delivered to the kidneys.

*'''Portal hypertension''' may result in splanchnic pooling of blood and reduced renal blood flow.

*'''Portal hypertension''' may result in splanchnic pooling of blood and reduced renal blood flow.