Changes

Also known as: '''''Ruminal tympany'''''  

Also known as: '''''Ruminal tympany'''''  

=== Primary bloat  ===

=== Primary bloat  ===

'''Primary bloat''', or frothie bloat is the most common type of bloat, and usually affects several animals in a group at once. The condition can occur in feedlot cattle but is most frequently associated with cattle grazing lush, leguminous pastures. It occurs following the ingestion of large amounts of succulent green plant material which is highly fermentable and produces large amounts of gas. The material also contains high levels of soluble proteins, these act as foaming agents by reducing surface tension but increasing surface viscosity of rumenal liquids and a stable rumenal foam forms. The [[Volatile Fatty Acids|volatile fatty acids]] of the plant material consumed lower the rumenal pH and optimise conditions for the formation of froth. Gas present as foam is insufficient to trigger eructation, and so the [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] becomes distended.  

'''Primary bloat''', or frothy bloat is the most common type of bloat, and usually affects several animals in a group at once. The condition can occur in feedlot cattle but is most frequently associated with cattle grazing lush, leguminous pastures. It occurs following the ingestion of large amounts of succulent green plant material which is highly fermentable and produces large amounts of gas. The material also contains high levels of soluble proteins, these act as foaming agents by reducing surface tension but increasing surface viscosity of rumenal liquids and a stable rumenal foam forms. The [[Volatile Fatty Acids|volatile fatty acids]] of the plant material consumed lower the rumenal pH and optimise conditions for the formation of froth. Gas present as foam is insufficient to trigger eructation, and so the [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology|rumen]] becomes distended.  

=== Secondary bloat  ===

=== Secondary bloat  ===

Secondary bloat or free gas bloat results from any condition that causes oesophageal obstruction or interferes with eructation. It usually affects a single animal in a group and generally has a more sporadic occurrence.  

Secondary bloat or free gas bloat results from any condition that interferes with eructation and includes physical or functional disroders of the oesophagus (e.g.oesophageal obstruction)or the forestomachs. Secondary bloat usually affects a single animal in a group and generally has a more sporadic occurrence.  

It may be '''acute''' in the case of sudden oesophageal obstruction, caused by a foreign body such as a potatoe or turnip, or '''chronic''' resulting from partial oesophageal obstruction, compression, or from interference with normal eructation.  

It may be '''acute''' in the case of sudden oesophageal obstruction, caused by a foreign body such as a potato or turnip, or '''chronic''' resulting from partial oesophageal obstruction, compression, or from a forestomach motility disorder that interferes with normal eructation.  

Causes of secondary bloat:  

Causes of secondary bloat:  

*Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''' ''Merial''

*Merck & Co (2008) '''The Merck Veterinary Manual (Eighth Edition)''' ''Merial''

[[Category:Forestomach_-_Nutritional_Pathology]] [[Category:Gastric_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Expert_Review_-_Farm_Animal]]

 

[[Category:Forestomach_-_Nutritional_Pathology]] [[Category:Gastric_Diseases_-_Cattle]] [[Category:Brian Aldridge reviewing]]