Changes

Both modified '''live and inactivated adenovirus [[vaccines]]''' have been developed and evaluated for use in cattle and they should be administered when maternal antibodies have waned, but 2 to 3 weeks before calves from different places are assembled under stressful conditions. Such vaccines are available in Europe and Japan, but not in the USA. Most vaccines are formulated in combination with other agents. '''Two to four''' doses of vaccine administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly are recommended to provide proper protection. Vaccination has not eliminated infection entirely, but has resulted in the '''reduction in disease incidence and treatment costs'''.

Both modified '''live and inactivated adenovirus [[vaccines]]''' have been developed and evaluated for use in cattle and they should be administered when maternal antibodies have waned, but 2 to 3 weeks before calves from different places are assembled under stressful conditions. Such vaccines are available in Europe and Japan, but not in the USA. Most vaccines are formulated in combination with other agents. '''Two to four''' doses of vaccine administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly are recommended to provide proper protection. Vaccination has not eliminated infection entirely, but has resulted in the '''reduction in disease incidence and treatment costs'''.

== References ==

== References ==