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[[Category:To Do - Steph]]
Caused By – '''''BHV-5 – Bovine Encephalitis Virus – Bovine Encephalitis Herpesvirus'''''
==Introduction==
Bovine Herpesvirus 5 is another potentially pathogenic '''member of the [[Herpesviridae|herpesvirus family]], causing [[Respiratory Diseases - Cattle|respiratory]] and [[Neurological Diseases - Cattle|neurological disease]] in cattle and sheep. '''
The virus is '''very similar to BHV-1''', which is responsible for the major bovine disease, [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|IBR]].
==Distribution==
South America, USA, Australia, Germany and Hungary.
==Signalment==
Young calves '''up to ten months old''' are most commonly affected. Nervous disease is usually acute.
==Clinical Signs==
BHV-5 causes '''tachycardia and tachypnoea with pyrexia, dyspnoea, mucoid nasal discharge, gasping and abnormal lung sounds'''. Infected animals often hypersalivate and abdominal pain may be observed.
Affected animals are also often generally lethargic, anorexic, display various signs of pain and discomfort and may be recumbent.
Signs of acute neurological infection include '''opisthotonus, hyperaesthesia, dullness, abnormal behaviour, ataxia, head tilt, head pressing, conjunctivitis, blindness, coma and seizures. Proprioceptive deficits''' may also develop suddenly and acutely. Disease in '''neonatal''' animals causes '''rapid generalised viraemia and sudden death.'''
'''Subacute''' disease causes calves to be depressed, anorexic and ataxic and suppresses rumenal motility. The '''dyspnoea is more pronounced than in acute infection due to the longer disease course''' and is almost always fatal. Those that recover become latent carriers.
Calves that acquire infection '''after vaccination for BHV-1 and those that have been previously infected''' by either virus become '''silently infected and the virus becomes latent'''. Sites of latency include the '''CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea'''. The virus can then recrudesce with stress and/or immunosuppression, but usually produces '''no clinical signs'''; it is however shed into the nasal secretions providing a source of infection.
==Diagnosis==
'''Specific monoclonal antibodies''' are available for BHV-5 and can be used with immunoperoxidase staining for confirmatory identification. '''PCR''' is also available.
Antibodies against BHV-5 can be detected using most ''' [[ELISA testing|ELISA kits]] designed for [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|BHV-1]] ''' due to their close relationship.
On post-mortem examination, a '''non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and evident perivascular cuffing'''. Lesions are more pronounced in white matter. '''Necrosis, oedema and spongiosis''' may also be recognisable. In some cases, '''satellitosis''' also develops.
==Treatment==
There is no treatment for infected individuals.
==Control==
No vaccination is available for BHV-5 but some '''cross-protection appears to be granted from some BHV-1 vaccines'''. This needs to be proven for each available vaccine.
{{Learning
|flashcards = [[Bovine Herpesvirus 5 Flashcards]]
}}
==References==
<references/>
Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Bovine Herpesvirus 5 datasheet''', accessed 01/08/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Bovine Herpesvirus 5 Infections datasheet''', accessed 01/08/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/
[[Category:To Do - CABI review]] [[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]]