Changes

Caused By – '''''BHV-5 – Bovine Encephalitis Virus – Bovine Encephalitis Herpesvirus'''''

Caused By: '''''BHV-5 — Bovine Encephalitis Virus — Bovine Encephalitis Herpesvirus'''''

==Introduction==

==Introduction==

Bovine Herpesvirus 5 is another potentially pathogenic '''member of the [[Herpesviridae|herpesvirus family]], causing [[Respiratory Diseases - Cattle|respiratory]] and [[Neurological Diseases - Cattle|neurological disease]] in cattle and sheep. '''

Bovine Herpesvirus 5 is another potentially pathogenic member of the [[Herpesviridae|herpesvirus family]], causing [[Respiratory Diseases|respiratory]] and [[Neurological Diseases|neurological disease]] in cattle and sheep.  

The virus is '''very similar to BHV-1''', which is responsible for the major bovine disease, [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|IBR]].

The virus is '''very similar to BHV-1''', which is responsible for the major bovine disease, [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|IBR]]. Although BHV-1 can cause neurological signs, BHV-5 demonstrates increased neurotropism.

==Distribution==

==Distribution==

Affected animals are also often generally lethargic, anorexic, display various signs of pain and discomfort and may be recumbent.

Affected animals are also often generally lethargic, anorexic, display various signs of pain and discomfort and may be recumbent.

Signs of acute neurological infection include '''opisthotonus, hyperaesthesia, dullness, abnormal behaviour, ataxia, head tilt, head pressing, conjunctivitis, blindness, coma and seizures.  Proprioceptive deficits''' may also develop suddenly and acutely. Disease in '''neonatal''' animals causes '''rapid generalised viraemia and sudden death.'''

Signs of acute neurological infection include '''opisthotonus, hyperaesthesia, dullness, abnormal behaviour, ataxia, head tilt, head pressing, conjunctivitis, blindness, coma and [[seizures]].  Proprioceptive deficits''' may also develop suddenly and acutely. Disease in '''neonatal''' animals causes '''rapid generalised viraemia and sudden death.'''

'''Subacute''' disease causes calves to be depressed, anorexic and ataxic and suppresses rumenal motility. The '''dyspnoea is more pronounced than in acute infection due to the longer disease course''' and is almost always fatal. Those that recover become latent carriers.  

'''Subacute''' disease causes calves to be depressed, anorexic and ataxic and suppresses [[Rumen - Anatomy & Physiology#Ruminoreticular contraction|rumenal motility]]. The '''dyspnoea is more pronounced than in acute infection due to the longer disease course''' and is almost always fatal. Those that recover become latent carriers.  

Calves that acquire infection '''after vaccination for BHV-1 and those that have been previously infected''' by either virus become '''silently infected and the virus becomes latent'''. Sites of latency include the '''CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea'''. The virus can then recrudesce with stress and/or immunosuppression, but usually produces '''no clinical signs'''; it is however shed into the nasal secretions providing a source of infection.  

Calves that acquire infection '''after vaccination for BHV-1 and those that have been previously infected''' by either virus become '''silently infected and the virus becomes latent'''. Sites of latency include the trigeminal ganglia of the '''CNS and mucosae of the nose and trachea'''. The virus can then recrudesce with stress and/or immunosuppression, but usually produces '''no clinical signs'''; it is however shed into the nasal secretions providing a source of infection.

==Diagnosis==

==Diagnosis==

'''Specific monoclonal antibodies''' are available for BHV-5 and can be used with immunoperoxidase staining for confirmatory identification. '''PCR''' is also available.  

'''Specific monoclonal antibodies''' are available for BHV-5 and can be used with immunoperoxidase staining on formalin fixed brain tissue for confirmatory identification. '''PCR''' is also available.  

Antibodies against BHV-5 can be detected using most ''' [[ELISA testing|ELISA kits]] designed for [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|BHV-1]] ''' due to their close relationship.  

Antibodies against BHV-5 can be detected using most ''' [[ELISA testing|ELISA kits]] designed for [[Infectious Bovine Rhinotracheitis|BHV-1]] ''' due to their close relationship.  

On post-mortem examination, a '''non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and evident perivascular cuffing'''. Lesions are more pronounced in white matter. '''Necrosis, oedema and spongiosis''' may also be recognisable. In some cases, '''satellitosis''' also develops.  

On post-mortem examination, a '''non-suppurative meningoencephalitis and evident perivascular cuffing'''. Lesions are more pronounced in white matter. '''Necrosis, oedema and spongiosis''' may also be recognisable. In some cases, '''satellitosis''' also develops.

==Treatment==

==Treatment==

==References==

==References==

<references/>

<references/>

Animal Health & Production Compendium, '''Bovine Herpesvirus 5 Infections datasheet''', accessed 01/08/2011 @ http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/

|datasheet = [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=91721&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 bovine herpesvirus 5] and [http://www.cabi.org/ahpc/?compid=3&dsid=91748&loadmodule=datasheet&page=2144&site=160 bovine herpesvirus 5 infection]

 

 

[[Category:To Do - CABI review]] [[Category:Neurological Diseases - Cattle]]

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