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Camelid Male Anatomy - Anatomy & Physiology (view source)
Revision as of 13:57, 5 July 2012
, 13:57, 5 July 2012→The Urethral Glands
{{review}}
== Prepuce and Penis ==
== Prepuce and Penis ==
* The penis is attached to the prepuce at birth and does not become free until 2 - 3 years of age.
* The penis is attached to the prepuce at birth and does not become free until 2 - 3 years of age.
** Loss of adhesions is a sign of sexual maturity.
** Loss of adhesions is a sign of sexual maturity.
** If castration is prior to the Testosterone peak at the beginning of [[Reproductive_System#Development_to_Puberty|puberty]], then adhesions may never completely break down.
** If castration is prior to the Testosterone peak at the beginning of [[:Category:Puberty|puberty]], then adhesions may never completely break down.
* Penis is fibroelastic.
* Penis is fibroelastic.
** In the absence of an erection, the penis is retracted into its sheath via a prescrotal sigmoid flexure not a post scrotal sigmoid flexure, as is the case in bulls.
** In the absence of an erection, the penis is retracted into its sheath via a prescrotal sigmoid flexure not a post scrotal sigmoid flexure, as is the case in bulls.
* The length of the penis ranges from 59 - 68 cm and it is cylindrical in shape
* The length of the penis ranges from 59 - 68 cm and it is cylindrical in shape
* Process at the end of the penis is firm, composed of [[Bones_and_Cartilage_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Types_of_Cartilage|cartilage]].
* Process at the end of the penis is firm, composed of [[Cartilage_- Anatomy & Physiology#Types_of_Cartilage|cartilage]].
** It has a slight clockwise curve to aid insertion of the penis through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] so that semen can be deposited directly into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterine horns]].
** It has a slight clockwise curve to aid insertion of the penis through the [[Cervix - Anatomy & Physiology|cervix]] so that semen can be deposited directly into the [[Uterus - Anatomy & Physiology|uterine horns]].
* The glans penis is curved along its vertical plane giving it a hook-shape with a definite neck between the glans and body of the penis.
* The glans penis is curved along its vertical plane giving it a hook-shape with a definite neck between the glans and body of the penis.
* Very long measuring between 45 - 50 cm in length.
* Very long measuring between 45 - 50 cm in length.
* Enclosed within the spermatic cord
* Enclosed within the spermatic cord
== Accessory Sex Glands ==
The most important feature is the absence of seminal vesicles in the Camelidae family. The accessory sex glands are: the ampullae, the prostate, the bulbo-urethral (Cowper’s glands) and the urethral glands. The size and weight of the glands are affected significantly by the age of the animal, (tending to reach a maximum between 10.5 - 15 years) and the season. They are largest during the breeding season. This is concomitant with the increased activity and size of the testis. That suggests that the activities of the accessory sex glands are regulated by androgen secretion from the testis.
=== The Ampulla ===
* The initial part of the ductus deferens is small in diameter and very tortuous but it thickens and forms the ampulla as it approaches the pelvic urethra.
* Terminal part embedded in a deep groove located on the ventral surface of the corpus prostatae.
* These glands may play the role of a sperm reserve before ejaculation.
=== The Prostate Gland ===
* This is the largest and only palpable gland.
* It has two components, a compact and a diffuse part with the two forming an L shape which lies dorsal to the pelvic urethra.
=== The Bulbo-Urethral Glands ===
* Two bulbo-urethral glands which are almond shaped structures that are located either side of the terminal portions of the pelvic urethra.
=== The Urethral Glands ===
* Located just behind the body of the prostate and extend to the level of the urethral bulb before opening into the urethral lumen via numerous ducts.
* These glands and the pelvic urethra are richly innervated.
** Nerves are responsible for the contraction of the muscle and expulsion of glandular secretions.
[[Category:Camelid Reproduction]]
[[Category:Bullet Points]]