Changes

== Penis ==

== Prepuce and Penis ==

* Slim and worm-like

* The prepuce is flattened from side to side and triangular in shape when viewed laterally.

* Points backwards when flaccid.

** Squat and urinate rearwards as females do.

* The penis is attached to the prepuce at birth and does not become free until 2 - 3 years of age.

* Penis is fibroelastic.

** In the absence of an erection, the penis is retracted into its sheath via a prescrotal sigmoid flexure not a post scrotal sigmoid flexure, as is the case in bulls.

* Process at the end of the penis is firm, composed of [[Bones_and_Cartilage_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Types_of_Cartilage|cartilage]].  

* Process at the end of the penis is firm, composed of [[Bones_and_Cartilage_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology#Types_of_Cartilage|cartilage]].  

** It has a slight clockwise curve to aid insertion of the penis through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] so that semen can be deposited directly into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterine horns]].

** It has a slight clockwise curve to aid insertion of the penis through the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Cervix_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|cervix]] so that semen can be deposited directly into the [[Female_Reproductive_Tract_-The_Uterus_-_Anatomy_%26_Physiology|uterine horns]].

* In newborn and juvenile males, a sheath of skin covers and adheres to the penis, making extrusion impossible.

* The glans penis is curved along its vertical plane giving it a hook-shape with a definite neck between the glans and body of the penis.

** Lost at 1-3 years

** Loss of adhesions is a sign of sexual maturity.

* If castration is prior to the Testosterone peak at the beginning of [[Reproductive_System#Development_to_Puberty|puberty]], then adhesions may never completely break down.

== Scrotum and Testes==

== Scrotum and Testes==