Changes

* Increased in the presence of another male or when females are passing nearby.  

* Increased in the presence of another male or when females are passing nearby.  

* Crouched urination posture and urine is ejected towards the back in small quantities and spread over the croup of the animal and surrounding areas with regular tail beating.  

* Crouched urination posture and urine is ejected towards the back in small quantities and spread over the croup of the animal and surrounding areas with regular tail beating.  

* The tail is held under the prepucial opening for a few seconds and soaked with a stream of urine which then is sprayed by 4 to 5 beats of the tail.

* The tail is held under the prepucial opening for a few seconds and soaked with a stream of urine which then is sprayed by 4 to 5 beats of the tail.

* This spraying activity is continued throughout the day and often the skin over the sacral region becomes dark and thickened due to the formation of a crust of mixed urine and sand.

==== Smudging ====

==== Smudging ====